Columbian Exchange & Exploration
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds following Columbus's voyages
What was the 'Starving Time' at Jamestown?
The winter of 1609-1610, when disease and starvation killed about 80% of Jamestown colonists
Under the encomienda system, what did Spanish colonists receive from the Crown?
The right to demand labor and tribute from Indigenous peoples in exchange for protection and Christian instruction
What was the primary goal of the Navigation Acts?
To ensure colonial trade benefited England by requiring goods to be shipped on English ships and pass through English ports
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) do?
It divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal along a line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands
When John White returned to Roanoke in 1590, what single word was carved into a post?
CROATOAN
What was the key difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans?
The Pilgrims were Separatists who wanted to break from the Church of England; the Puritans wanted to reform it from within
Approximately what percentage of the Indigenous population of the Americas died within the first 100-150 years after 1492?
80-95%
St. Augustine, Florida, founded in 1565, holds what distinction?
The oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States
Who was Virginia Dare?
The first English child born in the Americas, born at Roanoke Colony in 1587
How much land did a colonist receive under the Virginia headright system for each person whose passage they paid for?
50 acres
In the triangular trade system, what did Africa primarily supply to the Americas?
Enslaved laborers
What type of organization was the Virginia Company, which founded Jamestown in 1607?
A joint-stock company that pooled investors' money to fund colonization
Why was the Mayflower Compact significant?
It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony, establishing self-government by majority rule
Bacon's Rebellion (1676) was primarily a conflict between whom?
Nathaniel Bacon's followers and Governor William Berkeley over frontier policy toward Native Americans
Who led the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 against the Spanish in New Mexico?
Pope/Po'Pay, a Tewa religious leader and medicine man