Pre Columbus
Native societies cultivation of corn, beans and squash
3 sisters farming
Identify 4 causes of exploration
Fall of Constantinople
innovations in maritime tech
desire to spread Christianity
Mercantilism
These business organizations pooled resources from multiple investors to fund colonial ventures, limiting individual financial risk and enabling the establishment of colonies like Jamestown.
Joint Stock Companies
This 1775 battle in Massachusetts marked the first military engagements between colonial militia and British troops
This 1786–1787 rebellion of Massachusetts farmers highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles in maintaining order.
Shay's Rebellion
Universal White Male Suffrage
purchase of Florida
Adams Onis
Quasi economic war with the French
XYZ Affair
This president warned of the dangers of political parties and foreign entanglements
G.W.
This major Mississippian cultural center, located near present-day St. Louis, thrived around 1100 CE, supported by intensive maize agriculture, and was known for building massive earthen mounds—including one of the largest pre-Columbian structures north of Mexico.
Cahokia
This country was associated with the motto God Gold and Glory
Spain
This system, used primarily in the Virginia and Maryland colonies, granted settlers land—usually 50 acres per person—to encourage immigration and address labor shortages.
headright system
the author of Common Sense who advocated for independence
Thomas Paine
This compromise created a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
What course case highlighted the role of the Supreme court by establishing the principle of judicial review
Marbury v Madison
Purchase of additional territory from Mexico
Gadsden Purchase
1616 Citizen rebellion in Virginia caused by the desire to expand and led to the transition from indentured servitude to slavery
Bacon's rebellion
President associated with the Era of Good Feelings
Monroe
Nomadic war like tribe of the Great plains
Sioux
This treaty, signed in 1494, divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, reshaping global exploration and colonization patterns.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This economic policy, practiced by European powers in the 17th century, aimed to increase national wealth by controlling trade, exporting more than importing, and using colonies as sources of raw materials.
mercantilism
Prussian military officer who trained Continental Army troops at Valley Forge.
Baron Von Steuben
Jefferson agreed to support Hamilton's financial plan because of this agreement...
Compromise of 1790...relocation of the U.S. capital to Washington D.C.
The national bank was a source of much debate and caused the first and second two party systems. What political party formed in support of the 2nd national bank and in opposition to Andrew Jackson
Whig party
Seward's Folley is describing the...
Purchase of Alaska
citizen rebellion that highlighted the strength of the government under the U.S. constitution
Whiskey Rebellion
President who came to office as a result of the corrupt bargain
JQA
This civilization in the American Southwest engineered sophisticated multi-story adobe structures and developed extensive irrigation systems to adapt to an arid climate
Pueblo
This Spanish system forced Indigenous peoples in the Americas to provide labor for settlers and extract resources, often under brutal conditions, while granting Spaniards the authority to “protect” and Christianize them.
Encomienda system
This religious group settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s, seeking to “purify” the Church of England and create a model Christian society in the New World.
Puritans
The Patriot victory at this battle convinced the French to support American independence
Saratoga
Legislation passed by Adams that was designed to strengthen the federalist party
Alien and Sedition Acts
The court case the ruled in favor of the supremacy of the central government by ruling that the central government is the body that regulates interstate trade
gibbons v ogden
Ended the Mexican American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Give an example of native resistance in the English colonies
Anglo Powhatan Wars
Metacom's Rebellion
Pontiac's Rebellion
President who failed to preserve the integrity of the Union
Buchannan
Which of the following best explains how the spread of maize cultivation impacted Native American societies in the Southwest and beyond prior to European contact?
A. It led most Indigenous groups to abandon permanent settlements and adopt fully nomadic lifestyles.
B. It supported population growth and the development of more complex, sedentary societies with distinct social and political structures.
C. It caused widespread soil depletion, forcing constant relocation of farming villages throughout the region.
D. It weakened trade networks by making agricultural surplus unnecessary for intertribal exchange.
B
Bartolome De Las Casas was the defender of natives in this debate
Valladolid Debate
Colony that was founded as a safe haven for Catholics
Maryland
Who created the Articles of Confederation?
The Second Continental Congress or...
John Dickinson
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison raised questions about the control of the central government and first suggested the idea of nullification with these...
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Passed during reconstruction, this amendment grants equal protection under the law to American citizens
14th
clearly identified the border between Maine and Canada
Webster Ashburton
Identify 3 causes of the War of 1812
impressment
British arming natives on the frontier
British refusal to leave forts in the Western frontier
President who threatened to use force against South Carolina during the nullification crisis.
Jackson
This Mesoamerican civilization’s advanced astronomical calculations and creation of a highly accurate calendar system influenced later Indigenous societies and contributed to complex urban centers like Tikal and Chichén Itzá.
mayan
Explain an effect of the Columbian Exchange on European societies
Population growth due to the introduction of calorically dense foods
transition from feudalism to capitalism
The Virginia House of Burgesses and the Mayflower compact are examples of early forms of semi-independent colonial governments. What is another example?
Town Hall meetings or the Fundamental orders of Conneticut
The British general who surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown ending the American Revolution
Cornwallis
This event marked the end of the first 2 party system and the collapse of the Federalist party
Hartford Convention
The political party that emerged in the 1840's whose platform was against the extension of slavery into territories acquired from Mexico
Free Soil Party
removed British naval presence from the Great Lakes
Rush Bagot Treaty
In an attempt to restore the Union of the United States, this compromise proposed an amendment guaranteeing the legality of slavery
Crittenden Compromise
Andrew Johnson was the first President to be impeached. What radical republican legislation did he violate?
Tenure of office act