Period 1
What is maize?
A labor system used across the European colonies in the Americas, this institution whereby workers were bought and sold by masters was not abolished in the United States until 1865.
What is chattel slavery? (or slavery)
This man's farewell address warned against political parties, foreign alliances, and the US getting involved in foreign wars.
Who is George Washington?
The first of many, this agreement between free and slave states set a boundary line running across the country. States to the north of it would be free states, and states to the south of it would be slave states.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
Implemented across the Southern states following the end of Reconstruction, this policy required separate schools, hospitals, and other public facilities for whites and black people. The laws implementing it were referred to as "Jim Crow laws."
What is segregation?
This labor system was introduced by the Spanish conquistadores in Central and South America and it compelled Native Americans to work on plantations and in mines.
What is the Encomienda System?
The colonies of Virginia and Maryland, who specialized in growing tobacco using slave labor, are sometimes referred to as this.
What is the Chesapeake? (or Chesapeake colonies)
Fought between 1754 and 1763, this conflict saw the French expelled from North America and the British take over Canada. It also sped up the process of consolidating a distinct American identity.
What is the French and Indian War? (or Seven Years' War)
This term refers to a tax on imported goods. They're making a big comeback today.
What is a tariff?
Future President Ulysses S. Grant called this war "One of the most unjust ever waged by a stronger against a weaker nation." The US acquired a large amount of territory as a result of it, which only made the debates over what to do about slavery more intense.
What is the Mexican-American War?
First part of Spain and later part of Mexico, the states in this region include Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of California.
What is the American Southwest (or Southwest)?
The British, French, and Spanish all employed this economic strategy during the colonial period. It saw colonies as centers for extracting wealth and sending it back to Europe.
What is mercantilism?
It's a (political) party! This early American political party was founded by Alexander Hamilton and pushed for a strong central government, a national bank, and tariffs to protect American industry. It also supported closer relations with the British.
What is the Federalist Party? (or Federalists)
This foreign policy pronouncement told the Europeans to get lost, that the United States was the new game in town in the western hemisphere.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
These three amendments to the Constitution were passed after the Civil War. They are sometimes referred to as the "Reconstruction Amendments."
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?
In 1492, this country employed Columbus to search for an alternate route to Asia. He didn't find one, but he did open the way for this country to conquer parts of North America and almost all of Central and South America.
What is the Spanish Empire? (or Spain)
A person who agreed to work for a master for a number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies would be referred to as this.
What is an indentured servant?
These weren't political parties, but two distinct groups which fought each other during the American Revolution. They differed over whether to support American independence or stick with the crown.
Who are the patriots and loyalists?
It's a (political) party! This early American political party, founded by Henry Clay, came into existence in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson. Like the Federalists, it favored high tariffs, internal improvements (infrastructure), and a national bank.
What is the Whig Party? (or Whigs)
These older arrivals to the United States largely came from Ireland and Germany.
What are "Old Immigrants"?
This refers to the transfer of goods, diseases, and peoples between the New World and Europe after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
These religious pilgrims came to North America to escape persecution in England. When they got there, they got right down to persecuting others for their religious beliefs (and don't even get me started on how they felt about witchcraft).
Who are the Puritans?
It's a (political) party! Founded by Thomas Jefferson, this early American political party favored strong state governments, supported free trade, opposed a national bank, and favored closer relations with France.
Who are the Democratic-Republicans? (or Democratic-Republican Party, or Republicans, or Republican Party)
This meeting in 1848 resolved that women should have the right to vote (suffrage). They wouldn't get it until the 1920.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
It's a (political) party! This third party quickly became the second in the 1860s, and it's explicitly anti-slavery platform united the North against the South in the lead-up to the Civil War. It favored halting the expansion of slavery, tariffs to protect American industry, a transcontinental railroad and the Homestead Act.
What is the Republican Party? (or Republicans)