Period 1
This term describes the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World after 1492.
Columbian Exchange
This 1607 settlement became the first permanent English colony in North America.
Jamestown
This 1754–1763 conflict between Britain and France led to British debt and new colonial taxes.
The French and Indian War/7 years war
This political party, led by Thomas Jefferson, supported states’ rights and an agrarian vision of America.
Democratic-Republicans
This 1990s Disney movie features Pocahontas and fictionalizes her encounter with English settlers at Jamestown.
Pocahontas
These Native American societies in the Great Plains region relied heavily on this animal for food, clothing, and shelter—especially after Europeans introduced horses.
Buffalo
This cash crop made the Chesapeake colonies economically successful and increased the demand for labor.
Tobacco
This 1765 British law required colonists to pay a tax on paper goods and led to the slogan “no taxation without representation.”
Stamp Act
This 1823 policy warned European nations not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
The Monroe Doctrine
This famous “revolutionary” phrase from Schoolhouse Rock taught generations of kids how a bill becomes a law.
"I'm just a bill"
This Spanish system granted colonists the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in exchange for “protection” and conversion to Christianity.
The encomienda system
This 1676 rebellion in Virginia exposed tensions between poor farmers and the colonial elite, leading to a shift toward enslaved labor.
Bacons Rebellion
Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, this 1776 document justified independence by claiming government derives power from the consent of the governed.
Declaration of Independence
This 1830 law signed by Andrew Jackson led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River.
Indian Removal Act
This U.S. president appears on the $2 bill — and wrote the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
This European motivation for exploration focused on spreading Christianity to Native peoples and was often used to justify colonization efforts.
Religious motivation (GOD, gold and glory)
This colonial region’s economy was based on small farms, shipbuilding, and trade, and it had a society centered around Puritan religious values.
New England
This 1786 rebellion by farmers in Massachusetts revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Shays Rebellion
This term describes the period during Monroe’s presidency when political divisions faded and national unity seemed to grow after the War of 1812.
The "era of good feelings"
This president’s pet parrot had to be removed from his funeral for swearing.
Andrew Jackson
This crop, first domesticated in Mesoamerica, became a major food source and allowed Native American societies like the Pueblo and Mississippians to develop complex civilizations.
Maize/Corn
This 1730s–1740s religious revival movement emphasized emotional sermons and a personal connection with God, leading to the growth of new denominations.
The First Great Awakening
This 1787 agreement settled the issue of representation by creating a bicameral legislature with one house based on population and one with equal representation.
The Great Compromise
What was Henry Clays American System?
National Bank, Railroads/roads, Tariffs
Colonists used this ingredient, also found in fireplaces, to brush their teeth.
Charcoal/Ashes