Social Movements, Reformers, & Organizations
This reformer and educator advocated for the humane treatment of the mentally ill and was instrumental in creating mental asylums in the 1800s
Who is Dorothea Dix?
This President’s election was decided by a compromise that ended Reconstruction, pulling federal troops from the South
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
This inventor is credited with the invention of the telephone, which revolutionized communications
Who is Alexander Graham Bell?
This Union general is most famous for his victory at the Battle of Gettysburg and his role in leading the Union Army to victory
Who is Ulysses S. Grant?
His 1776 book The Wealth of Nations helped justify capitalism and influenced U.S. economic thinking well into the Gilded Age
Who is Adam Smith?
A prominent figure in the civil rights movement, this militant Black activist rejected the philosophy of nonviolence and promoted self-defense, becoming an international symbol of Black empowerment
Who is Malcolm X?
Known for his "fireside chats," this President led the U.S. through the Great Depression and most of World War II
Who is Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Known for his development of the modern assembly line, this car manufacturer revolutionized mass production and made automobiles affordable for the American middle class
Who is Henry Ford?
This fiery abolitionist called for immediate emancipation of all slaves and founded the Liberator, a newspaper dedicated to the anti-slavery cause
Who is William Lloyd Harrison?
This Enlightenment philosopher's concept of natural rights directly influenced the Declaration of Independence
Who is John Locke?
This journalist and activist led a fierce anti-lynching campaign in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, challenging racial violence and advocating for African American civil rights
Who is Ida B. Wells?
This President's "Great Society" initiatives included the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965
Who is Lyndon B. Johnson?
This steel magnate used vertical integration to monopolize the steel industry and became one of the wealthiest men in American history
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This Cold War-era senator from Wisconsin gained notoriety for making unsubstantiated claims about communist infiltration in the U.S. government
Who is Joseph McCarthy?
This British naturalist is best known for his controversial ideology suggesting that natural selection be applied to social, political, and economic issues, often justifying inequality, imperialism, and laissez-faire capitalism.
Who is Charles Darwin?
A former slave who became one of the leading voices in the abolitionist movement, this speaker was known for her powerful speeches on racial and gender equality, including the famous "Ain't I a Woman" speech
Who is Sojourner Truth?
This President is known for expanding U.S. territory through the annexation of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican-American War, fulfilling the idea of "Manifest Destiny."
Who is James K. Pulk?
As the founder of Standard Oil, this industrialist became the richest man in American history and a symbol of both monopoly power and philanthropy
his fiery Virginian opposed the Constitution without a Bill of Rights and is remembered for declaring, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
Known as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb," this physicist led the Manhattan Project and later became a vocal advocate for nuclear disarmament
Who is J. Robert Oppenheimer?
This group of African American pilots served with distinction in World War II, overcoming racial barriers and becoming legendary for their bravery in combat
Who are the Tuskegee Airmen?
This Founding Father, inventor, and diplomat played a key role in securing French support during the American Revolution and was a co-author of the Declaration of Independence
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
this financier and banker helped bail out the U.S. government during the Panic of 1907 and played a key role in the creation of General Electric and U.S. Steel
Who is J.P. Morgan?
A co-founder of the Black Panther Party, this revolutionary activist was instrumental in challenging police brutality and advocating for Black empowerment in the 1960s and 1970s
Who is Huey P. Newton?
A champion of democratic education, this Progressive-era philosopher argued that schools should focus on experiential learning and prepare students for civic life
Who is John Dewey?