Early Colonization
This nation's colonies were based on agriculture; large number of men and women inhabited the colonies; relatively hostile relations with Native Americans.
England
Spread of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
This region was founded by mostly Puritans. These colonies tended to be close-knit and had longer life expectancy than other English colonies. The economy was a mix of fishing, timber, fur and trade.
New England Colonies
Time period that focused on reason and knowledge and promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers). These ideas helped influence the American Revolution. This promoted the idea of self-governance though colonial assemblies and town meetings.
The Enlightenment
The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in Virginia. Initially plagued by hardship, it eventually thrived through tobacco cultivation, becoming a foundational colony in the growth of British America.
Jamestown
Philosopher who believed in Natural Rights including life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
The prinicipal religion in New England.
Puritanism or Congregationalists.
This nation sought tight control over the colonies and focused on converting and exploiting the Natives. (Think 3 Gs)
Spain
Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the New World. This system exploited Native Americans and resources.
Encomienda System
This region was the most diverse religiously and saw the most immigrants from Europe due to Quaker tolerance. The economy was based on grain production. Known as the "breadbasket"
Middle Colonies
Men like Jonathan Edwards(Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God) and George Whitfield are major figures in this movement of beliefs and ideas tied to religious liberty & challenging Church orthodoxy as well as a spiritual revival that saw a change in evangelical rhetoric and the growth of the Church in the Americas.
The First Great Awakening
An inheritance practice where the eldest son inherits the family estate. ______________ limited land inheritance options for younger sons, motivating many to seek fortunes in the New World, fueling European emigration and colonization efforts.
Primogeniture
Wrote Leviathan and believed life before government was "nasty, brutish and short".
Thomas Hobbes
Pennsylvania was founded by this religious group.
Quakers
These nations had fewer inhabitants than other countries; focused on trade, alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans. Heavy focus on furs (beaver)
French & Dutch
__________were men and women who signed a contract by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter.
Indentured Servants
This region relied on indentured servants initially, later replaced by African slaves. Staple crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar made the colonies prosperous. Discrepancies between the backcountry poor and coastal elite
Southern Colonies
What was the first self-governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen.
Mayflower Compact
A Spanish Dominican friar who initially participated in colonization but became an outspoken advocate for Native American rights. His writings, including A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, criticized Spanish brutality and pushed for reforms, influencing debates on the ethics of colonization.
Bartolomé de las Casas
In "The Social Contract" he wrote that human beings are born good but are corrupted by society, leading to the need for a social contract that establishes a government based on the "general will" of the people to preserve individual freedom and promote the common good
Jean Jacques Rosseau
Principal denomination in the Southern colonies.
Anglican
Once it was introduced to Europe (Columbian Exchange), it helped lead to a drastic increase in population.
The potato.
Economic policy that focuses on making money for the mother country. This policy favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
Daily Double! -points x2
Individual who left Massachusetts and started Rhode Island Colony due to a belif in Freedom of Religion and a desire for better relations with Native Americans.
What was one of the first examples of self-governance in the New World, was formed in Virginia in 1642/43 by the General Assembly. By its creation, the General Assembly then became bicameral.
House of Burgessess
Why were the dates 1607 & 1754 chosen for the start & end times of APUSH Unit 2
1607 - First permanent English settlement @ Jamestown...
1754 - Beginning of the French & Indian War
In "The Spirit of the Law" he argued for a three branch system of government and a system of checks and balances.
Montesquieu
Maryland was founded as a colony for this religious group.
Catholics
This very bloody war changed the way the English viewed Native Americans for the worse, and lead to English control of all of New England to the Hudson River.
King Philip's War.
a land grant system used in colonial America where settlers were given a certain amount of land (usually 50 acres) for themselves and additional land for each person they sponsored to migrate to the colony
Headright System
The rebellion highlighted the strife between backcountry frontiersmen facing Native American attacks and the rich plantation owners living near coastal settlements
BACON'S Rebellion
The first colonial constitution. In Hartford, Connecticut, the first constitution in the American colonies
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Why 1491 – 1607 was chosen as the dates for APUSH Unit 1?
1491 is one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans. Focus on differences in Native American & European Societies and impacts of interactions(Huge World Shift)
1607 is the year England established a permanent settlement at Jamestown, focus shift from multiple nations to English colonial development.
This theologian stressed the supreme authority of the Bible and encouraged the study of scripture by educated laypersons, leading his followers to support universal literacy. Puritans are an example of his followers.
John Calvin
This religious community in New York city was started when they fled the persecution in Catholic Portugal and Brazil in the 1660s.
Jewish