Religion/Culture
These people came to the Americas and formed/ identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, specifically English Protestants.
Who are the Puritans?
This economic system relies primarily on gathering wild plants and hunting animals for sustenance
What is a Hunter-gatherer economy?
This natural resource was abundant in the colonies and was a crop that had to be processed very quickly and was labor intensive on plantations in the Americas.
What is sugarcane?
This was one part of triangular trade that involved enslaving Africans and bringing them to the Americas for labor
What is the Middle Passage?
These fur trading Europeans did this _____ to secure trade relationships with Native Americans
What is intermarriage?
This language and culture was widespread in the eastern woodlands, Great Lakes, and subartic regions of North America.
What is the Algonquian culture?
This type of settlement pattern emerged as societies transitioned from nomadic to agricultural lifestyles
What are permanent villages?
This system of labor organization was implemented by Spanish colonizers in the Americas
What is the Encomienda system?
A deeply dehumanizing and racialized system where enslaved people, often of African descent, had no rights or freedom, and their children were also born into bondage
What is Chattel Slavery?
An agricultural economic system based on mass production of a single commodity crop, including enslaved labor, to maximize profits for export
What is the Plantation System?
A governmental system where nations tried to become wealthy and powerful by increasing their exports, minimizing imports, and acquiring gold and silver.
What is Mercantilism?
This was the land that Columbus found, known as ____________.
What is Hispanolia?
A business practice where multiple investors to pool resources for ventures too costly for a single person or entity to fund, shareholders typically have limited liability, meaning their personal assets are protected from the company's debts, and they share in the company's profits
What is a Joint Stock Company?
After the Columbian Exchange eradicated hundreds of thousands Native American lives, the Spanish had to import _______ __________ for labor.
What are African slaves?
This was a transfer of goods, plants, animals, and even diseases.
What is the Columbian Exhange?
This African religion was very similar to Native Americans.
Who are animists?
This is the primary crop cultivated by many indigenous peoples in the Americas that became a crucial part of their agricultural economy
What is Maize Cultivation?
Fleeing religious persecution in England and a desire for a new life, they established the colony and the Mayflower Compact to self-govern.
African enslaved people had 2 main advantages to the Spaniards, they were _______________ & ______________.
What is no knowledge of the land and better immunities against diseases?
Native Americans had _______ __________ that tied together regions and carried valuable goods for hundreds amd even thousands of miles.
What are Trade Networks?
This was a league of Native American nations, including the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas, played a central role in the era of European colonization. They were also known as the Haudenosaunee.
What is the Iroquois Confederacy?
This was the most important historical factor as for why Native Americans and Europeans held varying views of land use.
What are differing worldviews?
This is known as the process of becoming, or making something, English in form, character, or culture.
What is Anglicization?
This is known as the forced migration of over 12 million Africans to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries, where they endured brutal conditions and were forced into labor to produce commodities for European markets.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
A popular uprising in colonial Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, fueled by economic hardship, falling tobacco prices, high taxes, and resentment against Berkeley's policies regarding Native American relations
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
This is the idea that _______ ________ are inherent, universal rights that all individuals possess by virtue of their humanity, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, brought to light by John Locke.
What are natural rights?
What are Chiefdoms?
****Daily Double****
The Chesapeake colony established this foundation of representative government known as the ___________ ___ ___________________
What is the House of Burgesses?
This is known as a series of trials, prosecutions, and executions of people accused of witchcraft in Colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693
What are the Salem Witch Trials?
This was a Spanish document that served as a formal declaration and justification for the conquest of indigenous peoples in the Americas, outlining their obligation to submit to Spanish rule and Catholic faith
What is the requerimiento?