European Exploration
Labor & Social Relations
Colonial Regions
Colonial Culture
Influence of Revolutionary Ideas
The New Republic
AOC & Constitution
100
“It would be a fickle, foolish thing for us to destroy the most ancient laws and customs left by the first inhabitants of this land. . . we will die before giving up serving and worshiping them [Gods].
This is our determination; do what you will.”
Lords and holy men of Tenochtitlan [the Aztec capital], 1524
The above quote is indicative of THIS historical context in the early 16th century
What is Spanish colonization/arrival of Catholic missionaries/conquest of Mexico?
100
The encomienda and slavery systems led to this in the Spanish colonies
What is the development of a race-based caste system that defined the status of Europeans, Native Americans, Africans, and people of mixed race?
100
THIS accounts for the differences in the pie charts below
What is the climate & geography of each region?
100
“He looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . .”
-Nathan Cole, farmer, describing a sermon in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740
The context in which the event above took place & one of its impacts
What is the First Great Awakening, and challenges to established authorities, founding of new colleges, etc.?
100
“The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether ... in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or ... Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it."
The above excerpt tells us this about the end of slavery in New England
What is that is often occurred over a long period of time?
100
1. The creation of the Departments of State, Treasury, and War
2. The organization of the federal judiciary
3. The drafting of a charter of liberties
The above were achievements of this during their first meeting in 1789-90
What is the Federal Congress?
100
Passed by the U.S. Congress under the Articles of Confederation, this document:
1. laid out the process by which lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were to be surveyed and sold,
2. Detailed a method for creating townships and sections within townships
What is the 1785 Land Ordinance?
200
[T]heir delicate constitutions make them unable to withstand hard work or suffering and render them liable to succumb to almost any illness ... once numbered some five hundred thousand it was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola.”
Bartolomé de Las Casas, 1552
The quote above discusses THIS IMPACT of Spanish exploration during the 16th century
What is the decimation of the Indian population due to disease epidemics?
200
"In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province’s 2,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards’ fields."
David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992
The event described above is example of THIS
What is Native resistance to European colonization & attempted assimilation?
200
In this region:
1. life was centered in clustered villages/towns in which developed a strong tradition of local self-govt...
2. Literacy was highly valued as Bible reading was important in everyday life
What is New England?
200
these often functioned as mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
What are colonial cities?
200
“. . . Every principle from which America has acted in the course of her unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration ... "
-Petition to the MA State Assembly 1777
The excerpt from the petition was based upon concerns about the status of THIS GROUP in New England
What are Blacks/Slaves?
200
"Those who understand the particular articles of [the treaty] condemn these articles. Those who do not understand them minutely, condemn it generally as wearing a hostile face to France. This last is the most numerous class, comprehending the whole body of the people, who have taken a greater interest in this transaction than they were ever known to do in any other..."
-Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, 1795
Opposition to the document discussed above had THIS EFFECT in the mid-1790s
What is the development of political parties?
200
1. Created a system of political representation for the states in the proposed Federal Congress
2. Sherman, Paterson, Franklin
What is the Great Compromise?
300
The engraving below illustrates THESE about European colonization in the 16th century
What is the growth of sugar production & the African slave trade?
300
"The native population, which once numbered some five hundred thousand, was wiped out by forcible expatriation to the island of Hispaniola.”
-De Las Casas, 1552
The above excerpt led to an increase in this trend throughout the 16th century in the Spanish colonies
What is greater importation of African slaves?
300
“The peculiarity of [the founding of the United States] is that, even as the nation legitimated itself in the principle of consent . . . it confronted a stubbornly entrenched institution that seemed to epitomize the very denial of consent ... "
The above quote notes the contradiction/tension between these two institutions present in the American colonies
What is self-government and slavery?
300
“I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it.
“The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God.”
-Anne Hutchinson 1630s
The quote above is an example of this during the colonial era
What are challenges to civil and religious authorities?
300
The trends in the graph below probably led to an increase IN THIS from 1765-90
What is an increase in political participation by White Males?
300
The Republican response to the Alien & Sedition Acts, these documents took the position that state govts. had the authority to decide on the constitutionality of federal actions
What are the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions?
300
The creation of the "Electoral College" was a compromise between groups who wanted to elect the President by these two methods
What is election by Congress and direct popular vote?
400
The map below was indicative of THIS TREND throughout the 16th & 17th centuries
What is imperial competition for colonies in the Americas?
400
One impact of this late 17th century event in Spanish America was:
1. a measure of freedom from Spanish efforts to eradicate Native culture
2. substantial land grants to each Native
3. public defenders to protect the rights of the Natives in legal disputes
4. Reduction of Native work demands
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
400
A majority of early immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies (VA & MD) were this
What are indentured servants?
400
Ends with the opening of Indian lands to colonial settlement, and a sharpening of the social distinctions between whites and blacks
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
400
Those who would AGREE with the image below believed adding ENERGY to this was a positive step
What is the national/federal/central government?
400
"[It] was as real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776. was in it's form; not effected indeed by the sword, as that, but by the rational and peaceable instrument of reform, the suffrage of the people."
Jefferson to Spencer Duane, 1819
The above quote makes reference to this significant event in the early 19th century
What is the 1800 Election?
400
"That magistrate is to be elected for FOUR years; and is to be re-eligible as often as the people of the United States shall think him worthy of their confidence. In these circumstances there is a total dissimilitude between HIM and a king of Great Britain, who is an HEREDITARY monarch, possessing the crown as a patrimony descendible to his heirs forever..."
The above quote above was part of an attempt by Hamilton to do this (big picture answer)
What is persuade people in NY to support ratification of the Constitution?
500
The map below indicates THIS about Spanish concerns during the Era of Colonization
What is their focus on precious metals and agricultural commodities?
500
In the context of European exploration, the most densely populated areas on the map became part of this
What is the Spanish Empire?
500
The people who established the fort in the image below arrived in the Americas for this reason
What is to seek a profit economically?
500
The below have THIS in common:
1. Growth of commerce across the Atlantic Ocean
2. Increased circulation of London newspaper articles reprinted in the colonies
3. Availability of British manufactured goods in the colonies
4. War against the French & their Indian allies
What is they contributed to American colonists' identity as English subjects?
500
“Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women’s efforts with wry condescension. . . . The women, on the other hand,... could reflect proudly that ‘whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for our protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil.’”
The ideas in the excerpt above contributed to this notion about women in the early years of independence
What is republican motherhood or the idea that women would teach republican values?
500
“And what would the reader say, were I to tell him of a Member of Congress, who wished to see one of these murderous machines employed for lopping off the heads of the French, permanent in the State-house yard of the city of Philadelphia?”
-Philadelphia Newspaper, 1790s
The above quote is an example of concerns over THIS GROUP's support for THIS during the 1790s
What is the Republican support for the principles of the French Revolution?
500
The [US]Constitution declares that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; it secures to every man the right of trial by jury, the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus ... and it secures to every State a republican form of government.
Anyone of these provisions in the hands of abolition statesmen, and backed up by a right moral sentiment, would put an end to slavery in America."
The above 1860 speech by this man sought to prove the Constitution was an antislavery document
Who is Frederick Douglass?