Native Americans pre-conquest
The amount of Native Americans historians now estimate lived in North America on the eve of contact.
What is, up to 100 million?
The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations, and technologies between the New World and Old World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This country settled large parts of western South America, Central America, and Mexico
What is Spain?
Term referring to person of mixed Spanish and Native American descent
Mestizo
The Three Gs that motivated European exploration.
God, Gold, and Glory
True or False, Native American societies in North America all develop similar culturally and linguistic patterns.
False, Native Americans were a diverse group of cultures that spoke more than 4000 languages.
Perhaps the worst trade of the Columbian Exchange, this specific thing killed far more Native Americans than guns or steel.
What is Smallpox?
The country that sent the most settlers to the New World, but came into conflict with the Natives over land
What is England?
Author of Historia de las Indias, questioned the legitimacy of Spain's conquest and fought for better treatment of Native Americans.
Bartolome de las Casas
This man was an Italian explorer and colonizer. He stumbled upon the Caribbean and became the first European to visit the island of Hispanola.
Christopher Columbus
Native American societies were largely shaped by their environment. This region had permanent fishing villages dependent on salmon.
What is The Pacific Northwest?
The Triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the New World, what did the New World contribute to the Triangular Trade?
Raw Materials like food crops, cotton, tobacco, and sugar.
Event in Europe that caused a split in the Christian Church and led to new religious wars and exploration and conquest.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
The name of the debates about the treatment Native Americans in New Spain
What is The Valladolid Debates?
Name for Spanish conquerors of the "New" World, including Hernan Cortes
Conquistadores
The incorrect stereotype that Native Americans lived in perfect harmony with nature and the environment
What is the Pristine Myth?
European Power who preferred trade with the Native Americans rather than settlement or conquest
What is France?
A system for dividing residents of New Spain in to race base social system with Europeans at the top.
What is, The Spanish Caste System?
System in which Indians provided land owners with labor tribute in exchange for legal protection and religious guidance. Native Americans frequently exploited and treated harshly.
Encomienda System
Explain the impact of exploration and conquest on the New World.
1. Precipitous decline in population from Smallpox, other diseases, and forced labor.
2. Destruction of culture and identity
3. Access to new material goods
What were the three staple crops (Three Sisters) that many native tribes in North America used?
Beans, Corn, and Squash
Advancements that made transcontinental exploration and trade possible.
What are, Maritime Navigational tools (astrolabe and the sextant)?
Treaty declared by pope that splits the world into Spanish and Portuguese zones of influence.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Supporter of the Harsh Treatment of Native Americans by Spain. Wrote Just Causes of War Against the Indians
Juan de Sepulveda
Explain the impact of exploration and conquest of the New World on the Old World
Increase in population due to new food crops.
Increase in wealth from exploitation of New World
Outlet for religious wars on European continent.