Period 1: 1491 - 1607
Period 2: 1607 - 1754
Period 3: 1754 - 1800 (Part 1)
Period 3: 1754 - 1800 (Part 2)
Period 4: 1800 - 1848 (Part 1)
Period 4: 1800 - 1848 (Part 2)
Period 5: 1844 - 1877 (Part 1)
Period 5: 1844 - 1877 (Part 2)
Luck of the Draw
100
He was an Italian navigator who, in 1492, was granted a voyage of three ships. He sought out to find a quicker path to India, but instead, he wound up in the "New World". He brought a permanent connection between Europe and Native Americans.
Christopher Columbus
100
a period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws, which allowed the colonies to flourish as almost independent states for many years.
salutary neglect
100
A collection of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison explaining how the new government/constitution would work. Their purpose was to convince the New York state legislature to ratify the constitution, which it did.
The Federalist Papers
100
A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
Proclamation of 1763
100
In 1828 this raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
100
landmark 1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of Judicial Review, which grants the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison
100
a 19th-century belief that the United States was destined and divinely ordained to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.
Manifest Destiny
100
the Supreme Court ruled that: Since slaves were the property of their masters, a slave was not automatically granted his freedom when his master moved him to a free state or territory. Slaves are not citizens and therefore have no legal right to sue.
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
100
Identify the 3 Regions of the 13 Colonies & identify the individual colonies that made up those regions.
New England (Northern) Colonies: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
200
The massive global exchange of living things, including people, animals, plants, and diseases, between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that began after the voyages of Columbus.
The Columbian Exchange
200
Describe the difference between a Royal Colony and a Proprietary colony.
A proprietary colony is a colony that has been given to an individual or single family that controls the colony. A royal colony is a colony where the king directly controls the colony through a royal governor.
200
American colonists who supported the patriot cause. The _________ used threats, protests, and acts of violence to intimidate loyalists, or those loyal to the British crown, and make their grievances clear to the British Parliament. The __________ participated in the non-importation movement.
Sons & Daughters of Liberty
200
The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.
Constitutional Convention
200
was a foreign policy statement issued in 1823 that declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits for future colonization by European powers and warned against any interference in the affairs of independent nations in the Americas.
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
200
refers to the period in 19th-century American history when an agrarian society of small producers evolved into an industrialized nation of consumers. It was characterized by an expansion of markets, industrialization, urbanization, and increased transportation networks.
The Market Revolution
200
a conflict between the United States and Mexico that took place between 1846 and 1848. The war was sparked by a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States and a long-standing dispute over the border between Texas and Mexico.
Mexican American War
200
The doctrine stating that the sovereign people of a territory should themselves determine the status of slavery within that territory.
Popular Sovereignty
200
Identify the Reconstruction Amendments.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
The 14th Amendment granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the laws.
The 15th Amendment granted African American men voting rights
300
A Spanish missionary who was disgusted and outraged by the poor treatment of Native Americans especially the encomienda system
Bartolome de Las Casas
300
English laws passed, beginning in the 1650s and 1660s, requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English ships manned primarily by English sailors in order to benefit English merchants, shippers, and seamen.
Navigation Acts
300
Describe the political interpretations of Federalists & Democratic-Republicans.
Federalists believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution.
Democratic-Republicans believed in a weak central government, state and individual rights, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.
300
stated that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They helped establish the practice of being able to declare acts of federal government as unconstitutional. They set the precedent that states could nullify unfair acts of the federal government.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
300
a political party active from 1833-1856 that stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements. It was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson
The Whig Party
300
Identify the Causes & Effects of the War of 1812
Causes: The war was sparked by a variety of issues, including British interference with American trade and the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy.
Effects: strengthened Americans' feelings of nationalism. The war created a cohesive union, as they worked together to defeat the enemy. It also encouraged economic independence, growth of industry within America, and the creation of a strong national army and navy. "THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS"
300
Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. It was never passed through both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery.
Wilmot Proviso
300
issued by President Abraham Lincoln, states “that all persons held as slaves” within the Confederate states “are, and henceforth shall be free”.
The Emancipation Proclamation
300
Describe the conflict between mercantilism and capitalism.
mercantilism prioritizes state intervention and accumulation of wealth for the "mother country", capitalism advocates for free markets and individual enterprise as drivers of economic progress.
400
a labor system instituted by the Spanish crown in the American colonies. In this system, the Spanish were granted several native laborers who would pay tributes to him in exchange for his protection.
encomienda system
400
This rebellion was the result of a political dispute between Governor William Berkeley and Virginia colonists, over how to deal with Native American Indian tribes
Bacon's Rebellion
400
an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America's colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies. It stated that Parliament had the right to make laws for the colonies in all matters.
Declaratory Act (1766)
400
a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War
XYZ Affair
400
(1824) U.S. Supreme Court decision reinforcing the "commerce clause'' (the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce) of the Constitution; Chief Justice John Marshall ruled against the State of New York's granting of steamboat monopolies.
Gibbons v. Ogden
400
also known as the American Party, was a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. The party was anti-Catholic, xenophobic, and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.
Know-Nothing Party
400
Law that allowed for popular sovereignty (people living in an area could decide if slavery would be allowed or not. Devised by Stephen Douglas) in the Kansas and Nebraska territories. Kansas would be slave and Nebraska would be free. Overturned the Missouri Compromise.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
400
a key and iconic battle that took place during the Texan Revolution, where a small Texan army, mostly made of American settlers, was besieged (forced to surrender) by a larger Mexican army for 13 days
The Battle of the Alamo
400
Identify the various failures of the Articles of Confederation
Congress had no power to levy or collect taxes. The government was always short of money. Congress had no power to regulate foreign trade. Quarrels broke out among states and trading with other countries was difficult. Congress had no power to enforce laws.
500
disastrous attempt by Native American faux-alliance to regain dominance over tribal lands.
Metacom's War (King Philip's War1675;)
500
A way to attract more settlers to the Virginia colony in which every new arrival paying his or her own way was promised a land grant of 50 acres.
Headright System
500
One of the only successes of the Articles of Confederation - it chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
500
This was a speech published to warn Americans against the danger of political parties, to remain neutral in foreign conflicts and to celebrate their achievements.
Washington’s Farewell Address
500
Identify the difference between enumerated and reserved powers.
Enumerated Powers. Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war.
Reserved Powers: Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong to the states and the people. Bill of Rights. a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
500
an alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay during the 1824 presidential election. After no candidate received a majority electoral vote, the decision went to the House of Representatives where Adams was elected President. Shortly after his victory, he appointed Clay as Secretary of State leading many to believe they had made a secret agreement.
“The Corrupt Bargain”
500
political scandal in the 1870s where Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed a company and then gave or sold shares to influential congressmen. This was done while vastly overcharging for their services, leading to high profits at taxpayer expense.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
500
Identify the difference between Presidential & Congressional Reconstruction.
Presidential Reconstruction:
- Led by Presidents Lincoln and Johnson after the Civil War.
- Tried to quickly bring Southern states back into the Union with few conditions.
- Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan allowed states to rejoin once 10% of voters pledged loyalty.
- Johnson followed a similar approach but faced opposition from Congress.
Congressional Reconstruction (Radical Reconstruction):
- Led by Radical Republicans in Congress.
- Wanted stricter rules for Southern states to rejoin the Union, including protecting the rights of freed slaves.
- Passed laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Reconstruction Acts of 1867.
- Created new state governments in the South with African American involvement and passed amendments giving citizenship and voting rights to freed slaves.
In short, Presidential Reconstruction was more lenient and quick, while Congressional Reconstruction was stricter and aimed at protecting the rights of freed slaves.
500
(1819) the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.
McCulloch v. Maryland