New World Before European Exploration
Cultivation of this crop spread from Native Americans in Mexico north through the Southwest region and led to a large increase in population.
Maize
This term describes the exchange of people, diseases, animals, vegetation, and ideas between the Old World, the New World, and Africa.
Columbian Exchange
The forced journey West Africans took on slave ships from Africa to the New World.
Middle Passage
First attempt by the English to establish a colony in America in 1586. The settlers managed badly and when an expedition arrived with supplies in 1590 the colonists were all gone.
Roanoke
Knights, soldiers, and explorers of the Spanish empire who took control of land they discovered.
Conquistadors
This was the capital city of the Aztec Empire in modern day Mexico.
Tenochtitlan
When Europeans brought this animal over to the Americas it had a huge impact on Native Americans, especially those in the Great Plains region.
Horses
What two countries began the West African slave trade?
Spain and Portugal
First successful, permanent English settlement in the Americas.
Jamestown
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Capitalism
Due to the climate and lack of resources, Native Americans in the Great Plains and Great Basin region often had this mobile lifestyle.
Nomadic
This deadly disease, which causes contagious blisters, was brought to the Americas by Europeans and is responsible for a large decrease in the Native American population.
Smallpox
A person with both Native American and European heritage.
Mestizo
First permanent settlement in North America which was established in 1565 by the Spanish.
St. Augustine
Social and political system structured around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor.
Feudalism
Over 10,000 years before Columbus traveled to the New World, Native Americans migrated to the Americas via a frozen land bridge at this geographic location.
Bering Strait
Besides searching for wealth or glory/power, what other reason did many Europeans have for settling in the Americas?
Religion (either escaping religious persecution or to convert Native Americans to Christianity)
Which major European colonizing country was not interested in forming complex relationships with Native Americans?
England
Last Aztec emperor before the Aztec empire was conquered by Hernán Cortés.
Moctezuma
Economic practice of colonizing countries for the purpose of supplying wealth to the “mother” country.
Mercantilism
The belief that animals and plants have a spiritual essence.
Animism
Land grants given by the Spanish government for land that was already occupied by Native Americans. The grant included slave labor by the Native Americans who occupied the land in exchange for the promise to Christianize local Native Americans.
The Encomienda System
Temporarily successful revolt of Native Americans to drive out Spanish colonists in modern day New Mexico led by Popé in 1680.
Pueblo Revolt
Document signed in 1494 dividing the New World up between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The right of self-government.
Autonomy