Agriculture & Region
What were two of the three staple crops, known as the "three sisters" used by many Native American tribes prior to European colonization
Corn, beans and squash
This Italian explorer stumbled upon the Bahamas in 1492; would be the first European to visit Hispaniola and Cuba.
Christopher Columbus
The transmission and interchange of plants, animals, diseases, cultures, human populations (including slaves), and technologies between the New World and the Old World was known as...
The Columbian Exchange
Generalized term for soldiers and explorers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires. Colonized what became Latin America in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries.
Conquistadors
Nicknamed “the Lost Colony.” First attempted English colony in the New World. Founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh on an island off the modern-day North Carolina coast. By 1590, its inhabitants had vanished for reasons that still remain unknown.
Roanoke
Specific disease that caused the deaths of a significant amount of Native Americans after European colonization
Smallpox
Italian explorer and cartographer who mapped the eastern coast of South America; the American continents would get their name from him
Amerigo Vespucci
A legal system established by the Spanish crown. Conquistadores or other officials were given a set number of American Indians from whom they would extract tribute while instructing in the Roman Catholic faith. In practice, it was a form of slavery
Encomienda System
A Spanish conquistador whose expedition conquered the Aztec Empire and brought large swaths of modern-day Mexico under Spanish authority.
Hernan Cortez
The shift in religious beliefs within the church of England that led many to migrate to the American colonies was known as the__________
Protestant Reformation
Native populations originally traveled from Asia to America on a land bridge called the _______
Bering Strait
Spanish explorer and conquistador. Led the first European expedition to Florida in 1513, an area which he named. Commonly said to have been hunting for the Fountain of Youth, although that motivation is considered a myth.
Juan Ponce de Leon
What was the name of the huge capital city of the Aztec empire ruled by Montezuma; modern day Mexico City
Tenochtitlan
Portuguese explorer. From 1519 to 1522, he led a Spanish expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the Earth.
Ferdinand Magellan
Catholic priest who criticized Spanish actions against the Native Americans as being among “the most unpardonable offenses committed against God and mankind.”
Bartolome de las Casas
Which crop led to the Native American social diversification. It supported economic development, settlement, and advanced irrigation.
Maize
French explorer. Cultivated a fur trade with American Indians. Dubbed the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and its surroundings as “the Country of Canadas.”
Jacques Cartier
Signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, it decided how Christopher Columbus’s discoveries of the New World would be divided. It established the zone of Portuguese influence in what would become Brazil.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Granted permission by Queen Elizabeth I to explore and colonize the New World in exchange for one-fifth of all the gold and silver this venture obtained. Founded Roanoke.
Sir Walter Raleigh
The _______ were at the top of the Spanish racial caste system.
Peninsulares
The indigenous people of Peru were known as the _________. The indigenous people of Southern Mexico/Guatemala are known as the _________.
Inca
Maya
French explorer. Known as the “The Father of New France.” Founded Quebec in 1608. Made the first accurate maps of what is modern-day Eastern Canada.
Samuel de Champlain
What religion did the Spanish try to convert the indegenous Native Americans to?
Christianity.
Name all four of the 'Big Four' European colonizers during this era (Countries)
Spain, England, France, Portugal
Explain the three motivations the Spanish had for their colonization of the New World.
God- spread Christianity, Gold- find riches, Glory- be the "first" to reach new land