3.2
“‘I ordered my company to fire,’ [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754–60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756–63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: ‘The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.’”
Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997
Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) in North America?
a. Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies
b. Efforts by Britain to monopolize tobacco sales in Europe
c. Spanish attempts to end British control of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
d. Britain’s desire to enact new taxes on Native American nations
A. Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies
A law that provided for strong customs enforcement of the duties on refined sugar and molasses imported into the colonies from non-British Caribbean sources.
Sugar Act
________________ began with the “shot heard ’round the world” at the battle of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts in 1775.
American Revolution
The first American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress.
Articles of Confederation
The Federalist papers were written in order to
a. mobilize popular support for keeping the Articles of Confederation
b. persuade voters to support Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800
c. frustrate Spanish efforts to sway the political loyalty of the Southwest
d. persuade the Continental Congress to declare independence
e. attain ratification of the Constitution
e. attain ratification of the Constitution
What area was under dispute during the French and Indian War?
The Ohio River Valley
The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to
a. raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America
b. reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods
c. fund the colonial postal system
d. impose a mercantilist system on the colonies
e. reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures
a. raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America
Which of the following statements best describes colonial attitudes during the Revolution?
a. Colonists overwhelmingly supported the Revolution — although a tiny minority opposed it.
b. A small minority supported it — the vast majority were indifferent.
c. Many colonists were patriots but there were also many loyalists and fence-sitters.
d. It is impossible to know because opinion polling did not yet exist.
c. Many colonists were patriots but there were also many loyalists and fence-sitters.
What were the 2 main issues with the Articles of Confederation ?
They could not raise taxes and no bill of rights
Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the Articles of Confederation?
a. It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament.
b. It gave Congress the exclusive right to issue currency.
c. It gave the national court system the power to review both national and state law.
d. It gave Congress control of interstate commerce.
e. It rejected the arguments of men like Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee who feared strong governments.
A. It was cautious about giving the new government powers it had just denied Parliament.
The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to...
a. limit western expansion of colonial settlement
b. establish a defensible boundary between the British and the French colonists along the Appalachian Mountains
c. divide western territories into future royal colonies
d. restrict British immigration to the North American colonies
e. create more taxable income for the royal government by selling western territories
A. limit western expansion of colonial settlement
Is when British Parliament required local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with housing and food.
The Quartering Act
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness.”
Declaration of Independence, 1776
Which of the following is true of the Declaration of Independence?
a. It invoked the natural rights of man to justify revolution
b. It offered the British one last chance at reconciliation
c. It was overwhelmingly supported by all colonists
d. It spoke on behalf of all people, regardless of race or gender
a. It invoked the natural rights of man to justify revolution
The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to...
a. Open British Caribbean ports to American trade
b. Enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans
c. Overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce
d. Provide for statehood for western territories
e. Secure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt
d. provide for statehood for western territories
The Great Compromise of 1787 resulted in
a. a final settlement of the question of slavery
b. a renewal of the Articles of Confederation
c. the creation of a national bank
d. a system of political representation for the states in the federal government
e. a border agreement between the United States and Canada
d. a system of political representation for the states in the federal government
What was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of Native American tribes, primarily from the Great Lakes region and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763).
Pontiac's Rebellion
On the evening of March 5, crowds of day laborers, apprentices, and merchant sailors began to pelt British soldiers with snowballs and rocks. A shot rang out, and then several soldiers fired their weapons.
When it was over, five civilians lay dead or dying, including Crispus Attucks, an African American merchant sailor who had escaped from slavery more than twenty years earlier.
The Boston Massacre
Washington made camp for the winter at Valley Forge (PA) where his army suffered incredible hardship through the winter, facing disease, cold, hunger, and lack of supplies.
Valley Forge
The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of...
a. Only a unicameral legislature
b. Only executive and judicial branches
c. Only legislative and judicial branches
d. Legislative, judicial, and executive branches
e. Only a bicameral legislature
A. Only a unicameral legislature
Which of the following helped to convince several states to ratify the United States Constitution?
a. George Washington gave speeches to large public gatherings, asking for their support.
b. Thomas Jefferson published essays on the virtues of the Constitution.
c. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton anonymously published essays explaining the benefits of a strong federal government.
d. Supporters organized letter-writing campaigns urging the adoption of the Constitution.
e. The Constitutional Convention gave states control over western lands.
c. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton anonymously published essays explaining the benefits of a strong federal government.
In the eighteenth century, British colonists wishing to settle west of the Appalachians were principally motivated by...
a. the comparatively small numbers of American Indians in the old Northwest
b. the low price and easy availability of land
c. freedom from the threat of Spanish authorities
d. a desire to escape overcrowded cities along the Atlantic coast
e. promises of tax breaks for those willing to establish frontier settlements
B. the low price and easy availability of land
The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to
a. the removal of British troops from Massachusetts during the French and Indian War
b. Parliament’s passage of the Intolerable Acts
c. British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy
d. British attacks on colonial troops at Lexington and Concord
e. Lord Hillsborough’s decision to dissolve the Massachusetts Assembly
c. British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy
It was the last major battle of the Revolution. This was followed by the surrender of British commander Charles Cornwallis to American General George Washington.
The Battle of Yorktown
What event was caused from the failure of the Articles of Confederation ?
Shaye's Rebellion
Which of the following is true of the Virginia and the New Jersey plans that were presented at the Constitutional Convention?
a. They illustrated the struggle between states for representation and power in the creation of the new government.
b. They were attempts to settle the status of slaves in the southern states.
c. They advocated different ways in which federal taxes would be collected by the new government.
d. They illustrated the conflicts between states with primarily agricultural and commercial economies.
e. They were alternative plans to admit new territories to the Union.
a. They illustrated the struggle between states for representation and power in the creation of the new government.