Jefferson and Madison
Jefferson, in a reversal of his usual rhetoric, exerted great power by the federal government to buy this territory from France, under the guise that it would expand the liberty of the American people
What was the Louisiana Territory?
This 1820 act by Congress, spearheaded by Henry Clay, maintained the balance of free states and slave states while putting restrictions on slavery's further expansion, highlighting cracks in the Era of Good Feelings
What was the Missouri Compromise?
Jackson's veto of the Second Bank of the United States on the basis of being unconstitutional was a direct challenge to the decision made in this Supreme Court case
What was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
This 1793 invention by Yale graduate Eli Whitney revolutionized and revitalized slavery in the South, allowing for its continuous expansion westward
What is the cotton gin?
This religion, under the Church of the Latter Day Saints, was established by Joseph Smith, and most notably practiced polygamy
What is Mormonism?
This landmark court case, deeming part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, established a precedent of judicial review by the Supreme Court, much to Jefferson's chagrin
What was Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
This plan by Henry Clay involved a high tariff, the establishment of a Second Bank of the United States, and a failed attempt at federal funding for "internal improvements"
What was the American System?
Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, members of the Five Civilized Tribes were forced to migrate from Georgia to modern-day Oklahoma on this route
What was the Trail of Tears?
This organization of abolitionists assisted fugitive slaves in escaping the South into the North, and is widely associated with "conductor" Harriet Tubman
What was the Underground Railroad?
This religious popular movement of the 1820s and 1830s, led by Charles Grandison Finney, spurred on the antebellum reform movements and greatly increased membership for evangelical denominations of Christianity
What was the Second Great Awakening?
Jefferson passed this act in an attempt to force the British and French to respect their neutral shipping rights, but it instead devastated the American economy
What was the Embargo Act?
This 363-mile canal connected New York to the Great Lakes region, allowing for cities like New York and Chicago to become extremely prosperous in trade thanks to much faster transportation
What was the Erie Canal?
This system was created by Jackson in order to reward loyalty to his Democratic Party, granting government jobs to his commoner followers
What was the spoils system?
The threat of sale of enslaved peoples at these events was the greatest threat to the slave family, as the slavers cared not for preserving their familial connections
What were slave auctions?
This intellectual movement, including figures such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, called for individual judgment and a withdrawal from the corruption of society in order to experience genuine freedom
What was transcendentalism?
This group of people, often consisting of young Southern and Western politicians such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, desired expansion into Canada and Florida through the War of 1812
Who were the War Hawks?
Following their success in Waltham, the Boston Associates created this factory town known for its numerous textile mills, where young women famously worked
What is Lowell?
Democracy in America, by this French author, highlighted the importance of democratic values and a democratic culture to American society
Who was Alexis de Tocqueville?
The 1831 slave rebellion by this enslaved preacher killed over 60 white people, instilling massive fears in the South of further slave uprisings and prompting Virginia to institute harsher punitive slave codes
Who was Nat Turner?
This growing idea evolved from republican motherhood during the Market Revolution, placing the responsibility of middle-class women as staying at home and preparing a comfortable environment from the competitive marketplace for their husbands
What was the cult of domesticity?
This Native American leader fought alongside the British against the Americans during the War of 1812, and was ultimately killed by William Henry Harrison
Who was Tecumseh?
This landmark court case established that the federal government had ultimate authority to regulate interstate commerce under the supremacy clause
What was Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?
Vice President John C. Calhoun wrote this document for the South Carolina legislature in response to the tariff of "abominations," highlighting an increase of sectionalism as he proposed nullification of federal laws
What was Exposition and Protest?
This 1837 argument for slavery by John C. Calhoun argued that both the slavers and the slaves benefited from the system
What was the "positive good" thesis?
This idea was the basis of Manifest Destiny, that the United States uniquely had a role to expand into all of North America and establish freedom and democracy
What was American exceptionalism?