Politics, Parties, & Presidents (4.2-4.3, 4.7-4.8)
This Supreme Court case established the principle of Judicial Review in 1803.
Marbury v. Madison
This was President Washington's preferred foreign policy, as he reiterated in his farewell address
Neutrality - no permanent alliances; avoid European entanglements
This massive infrastructure project made rapid, safe transportation between the northwest and northeast possible beginning in the mid 1820s.
The Erie Canal
This cultural movement in the early 1800s shifted from the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason, rationality, and empiricism towards an individual, subjective, and natural focus.
Romanticism
BONUS: Name something that illustrated this cultural shift in the US
This event, which occurred largely as a result of his predecessors policies, earned Martin Van Buren the nickname Martin "Van Ruin"
Panic of 1837
After the transition from the United States' First Party System to the Second Party System, these TWO parties replaced the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists
Democrats & Whigs
These were TWO unpopular laws enacted by President Adams as a result of the growing conflict between Britain and France in the 1790s
Alien & Sedition Acts
BONUS: Which states attempted to nullify these laws and what happened as a result?
These were TWO impacts of the Market Revolution on different segments of American Society
Increased work outside the home (including for some women)
Growing standard of living
Increased wealth gap between rich and poor
Growth of the middle class
Increased urbanization
Increased reliance on slavery in the Southern states
Formation of early labor unions
These were TWO causes for the religious revival that spread throughout the US between 1790-1840.
Rapid economic changes; migration and western expansion; political division/evolution; American identity (rejection of European identity); pressures of market economy; romanticism/transcendentalism
This economic crisis caused many Americans, particularly those in the South & West, to become distrustful of the National Bank
Panic of 1819
BONUS: Which political party began to fragment as a result?
These were THREE reforms that expanded democracy in first half of the 1800s.
Universal White Male Suffrage
Party nominating conventions
Spoils/rotation in office systems
Popular campaigns
Local elections replaced appointed positions
These were THREE reasons why the so-called "War Hawks" advocated for the US to go to war against Britain in 1812.
Instigating conflicts with Natives in the West
Impressment of US citizens
Seizure of US merchant vessels
Desire to expand US territory
These were the THREE regional economies that had emerged by the mid 1830s, and the specialization that each developed.
Northeast - Industry: subsistence farming, commerce, manufacturing, shipping
Northwest - Food crops: commercial agriculture, livestock feed
South - Cash crops: cotton
BONUS: How did these three industries become more interconnected over time, and what was the result?
These were THREE of the major social reform efforts during Period 4, and a person associated with each.
Temperance - Carrie Nation
Abolition - Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison + see below
Women's Suffrage - See above + Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott
Asylum/Prison Reform - Dorothea Dix
Education - Horace Mann
These were THREE critical elections that signaled political realignments during Period 4
1800: Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican: End of Federalist era & peaceful transfer of power)
1824: John Quincy Adams (National Republican: End of Era of Good Feelings/"Corrupt Bargain")
1828: Andrew Jackson (Democrat: Power of South/West)
1840: William Henry Harrison (Whig: Anti-Jacksonians)
These were the FOUR Presidents between 1824 and 1840, and the party each belonged to.
John Quincy Adams (R), Andrew Jackson (D), Martin Van Buren (D), William Henry Harrison (W)
These were FOUR outcomes of the War of 1812
Growth of National Pride: Patriotism
Decline of Federalist Party
Decline of Native resistance in the west
Beginning of "Era of Good Feelings"
Economic Nationalism - Henry Clay's American System
These were FOUR ways in which Southern Society differed from other regions of the US by about 1850.
Increased reliance on slavery and cotton industry
Heavily stratified social hierarchy
Religious justifications for slavery
Lack of cities/large urban areas
Lack of investment in infrastructure (railroads, canals)
These were FOUR reasons why abolitionists opposed the continued expansion of slavery in the Southern states
Philosophical - Incompatibility with enlightenment philosophy/natural rights (Dec. of Indep.)
Religious - God's Law & Golden Rule
Economic - Interdependence w/ southern cotton industry; expansion of illegal & internal slave trades
Racial attitudes - Colonization Society/Repatriation
Political - Balance of power in House/Electoral College
These were the Presidents (in order) between 1800 and 1845.
GEORGE WASHINGTON | 1789-1797
JOHN ADAMS | 1797-1801
THOMAS JEFFERSON | 1801-1809
JAMES MADISON | 1809-1817
JAMES MONROE | 1817-1825
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS | 1825-1829
ANDREW JACKSON | 1829-1837
MARTIN VAN BUREN | 1837-1841
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON | 1841
JOHN TYLER | 1841-1845