Important People
Thomas Jefferson
Who was a Founding Father, signer of the Declaration of Independence, in favor of a limited central government, third president, in a relationship with Sally Hemmings, and approver of the Louisiana Purchase?
Roads --> Canals --> Railroads
What were modes of transportation that continuously became faster, more reliable, and easier to construct, and connected the country politically and economically?
Abolitionist Movement
What was the campaign to end slavery in the United States, before and during the Civil War?
Missouri Compromise
What was the compromise drafted by Henry Clay in 1820 that prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of 36°30' line except in Missouri, and also admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state?
Democrats
What was the political party known as the "common man," which stood for individual rights and state sovereignty, but opposed banks and high tariffs?
King Cotton
What was the term used by the South to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South's cotton?
Henry Clay
Who was a negotiator in the Missouri Compromise and the creator of the American System?
Telegraph
What was the invention by Samuel F. B. Morse, which allowed for faster communication over longer distances?
Temperance
What was the movement that promoted total abstinence from alcohol?
Trail of Tears/Indian Removal Act
What were the forced westward migration and relocation of American Indian tribes from the South and Southeast, which killed many individuals?
Universal Male Suffrage
What was the extension of the right to vote to all males regardless of social standing or race, whose movement had begun in the early-mid 1800s?
Growth of Middle Class
What was the socioeconomic class that emerged as industrialization expanded the gap between the wealthy elite and poor laborers?
Tecumseh
Who was a Shawnee chief, organizer of a Native American confederacy for unity and cultural renewal to stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory, an opposer of the US during Tecumseh's War, and an ally of Britain in the War of 1812?
Interchangeable Parts
What were identical and standardized parts developed by Eli Whitney that were the basis for mass production and no longer were designed for only one specific product?
Romanticism
What was the movement in literature and the arts that promoted nature over civilization, individualism, emotion rather than reason, and a deviation from norms?
Louisiana Purchase
What was the purchase by the US of around 800,000,000 square miles of territory from France, that marked the expansion westward into new lands?
Growth of Southern Enslavement
What was the rapid and dramatic expansion of slavery between 1820 and 1860 because of the growing need for cotton to fuel the southern economy?
Tariffs
What was a tax on imported goods that was part of Henry Clay's American System?
Andrew Jackson
Who was part of the Democratic party, the seventh president, a large part of the Indian Removal Act and Trail of Tears, and opposed the Second National Bank due to his belief that it trampled on states' rights?
Agricultural Inventions
What were inventions that revolutionized farming and agriculture including the steam engine, cotton gin, and steel plows, ultimately encouraging commercial farming?
Separate Spheres
What was the middle-class ideal where home life was strictly separated from the workplace and women's roles were separate from men, with women running the household and men earning money outside it?
Old Immigration
What was the immigration to the US by the Germans and Irish due to civil unrest, severe unemployment, and almost inconceivable hardships in their home countries, as well as the subjection to anti-foreign prejudice and discrimination by Americans following their arrival?
Judicial Review
What is the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution?
National Bank
What was the bank proposed in the American System that would create a single national currency, making trade easier and serving as a collective body for federal funds?
Richard Allen
Who was the founder of the AME Church so that free Black people could worship without racial oppression and enslaved people could find a measure of dignity?
Spirituals
What were songs created by enslaved African Americans to express faith, hope for freedom, and their feelings of sorrow, joy, inspiration, and hope?
Federalist Style
What was the early national style of architecture that borrowed from neoclassical models and emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint?
Seneca Falls Convention
What was the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY that discussed the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of a woman?
Minstrel Shows
What were variety shows performed by white actors in black-face that mocked and scrutinized African Americans?
3 Parts of the American System
What were a strong banking system, protective tariff, and network of roads & canals paid for by the tariff?
John Marshall
Who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835 and established the principle of Judicial Review following the ruling of Marbury v. Madison?
Extended Kinship System
What were enslaved people's families and extended families that created strong and important bonds to compensate for the breakup of nuclear families due to the slave trade?
Rationalism
What was the belief that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious beliefs or emotional responses?
War of 1812
What was the war between the US and Great Britain, which was caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors, British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans, but was ended with the Treaty of Ghent?
Marbury v. Madison
What was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of judicial review, which is the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution?
Market Revolution
What was the expansion of the marketplace that transformed American business and global trade, bringing distant communities together and creating a national, industrialized, and interdependent economy?
Transcendentalism
What was the movement that promoted the power of imagination and thought to find truths that could be revealed through spiritual intuition, which transcended reason and sensory experience?
Seminole War of 1818
What was the invasion of Spanish Florida by the US to recapture fugitive African American slaves living among the Seminole Indians, ending with Spain ceding Florida in exchange for the US ceding Texas?
Monroe Doctrine
What was the doctrine proposed by James Monroe that promoted separate spheres of influence for the US and Europe, non-colonization, and non-intervention to signify a clear break between the New World and the autocratic realm of Europe?
Panic of 1819
What was the economic recession that occurred when Europe was fighting the Napoleonic Wars and unable to feed itself leading to high demand for American food and, therefore, American farmers borrowing money from the bank to buy more land to grow more food, which led to loans that could not be paid back when the Napoleonic Wars ended and their land being taken away?
2nd Great Awakening
What was the Protestant religious revival when liberal and social reforms spread, as well as beliefs in human perfectibility, salvation through free will, and the rise of organizations promoting abolition, temperance, and women's rights?
Revolution of 1800
What was the election of 1800 in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, ushering in a generation of the Democratic-Republican Party and the fall of the Federalist Party, also known as the first peaceful transition of power?