Business
Corruption
Civil Rights
Workers
Top 1%
Immigration
100

This was an economic philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic thought dominated most of the time period of the Industrial Revolution.

laissez-faire

100

law that prohibited rebates and pools and required the railroads to publish their rates openly. It also forbade unfair discrimination against shippers set up a Commission to administer and enforce the new legislation across state lines

Interstate Commerce Act

100

systematic state-level legal codes of segregation.

Jim Crow

100

creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Samuel Gompers

100

The late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. Satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic progress. The term was coined by Mark Twain.

Gilded Age

100

a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded

Tenement

200

"Oil Baron", Standard Oil.

John D. Rockefeller

200

(1890) a law that tried to regulate trusts. It favored businesses rather than workers and was originally used to break up labor unions.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

200

1896 court case that validated the South's segreationalist social order, ruling "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the "equal protection" clause of the 14th Amendment.

Plessy v. Ferguson

200

(1894) strike in Chicago led by Eugene Debs for railroad workers that spread nationwide. President Grover Cleveland called in federal troops to put down the strike. 

Pullman Strike

200

the policy, generally around immigration but also dealing with social and economic aspects of daily life, that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals in the United States at the expense of immigrants.

Nativism

300

technique used by Carnegie where he combined into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing.

Vertical Integration

300

prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was founder of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. Was criticized for "accomodating" segregation. Progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

Booker T. Washington

300

The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to the business world; used by industrialists and social conservatives to discourage any government regulation in society and explain why they were getting so rich.

Social Darwinism

300

The first major legal restriction on immigration to the U.S. in 1882; prohibited further unskilled Chinese immigration in order to reduce competition for jobs.

Chinese Exclusion Act

400

a railroad that would cross the continent and connect the East to the West in 1869; opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution

transcontinental railroad

400

the political agreement between the Republicans and the Democrats that ended Reconstruction in the southern states by removing the federal troops from the South in exchange for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes winning the presidency in 1876. This deal ended protections for African Americans civil rights  in the South. 

 The Compromise 1877

400

Violent labor conflict in Carnegie's mills
Henry Frick (manager) announced pay cut
Strike had to be put down by state militia in 1892

Homestead Strike

400

An essay written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

Gospel of Wealth

400

A population shift from rural areas to cities and the ways in which each society adapts to the change

urbanization

500

Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)

horizontal integration

500

Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption. Lead by William Boss Tweed. The machine was exposed by cartoonists like Thomas Nast. 

Tammany Hall

500

an African-American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement, who write about lynchings of African Americans in the South

Ida B. Wells

500

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

Robber Barons

500

Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe like Italy, Poland, Russia, Greece

"new immigrants"

600

A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other.

trust

600

Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power
Sometimes referred to as a shadow government
Rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations

Political Machine

600

One of the Reconstruction Amendments
Provisions:
Citizenship Clause - Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
Due Process Clause - Prohibited state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness.
Equal Protection Clause - Required each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction.

14th Amendment

600

protest for shorter workdays, the event involved protests, murders, and bombings in Chicago Illinois

Haymarket Square Riot

600

Late 19th-century movement; Christians should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement.

Social Gospel

600

What steps did new immigrants take to try to assimilate to American Society?

Learned how to speak, eat and dress like Americans...