Business
Economic philosophy promoted by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government
laissez-faire
law that prohibited rebates and required the railroads to publish their rates openly
Interstate Commerce Act
party formed in 1892 whose platform focus was on coinage of silver and gold in addition to other progressive ideas (hugely supported by farmers)
What was the Populist Party
creator of the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
two major businesses/industries in the Trans-Mississippi West during the Gilded Age (besides the RR's)
What are mining and cattle?
a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded
Tenement
this system granted large tracts of land to Spanish settlers and included the natives who inhabited that land
What is encomienda?
"Oil Baron", Standard Oil.
John D. Rockefeller
(1890) a law that tried to regulate large businesses, it's non-specifcity made it largely ineffective, and it was also used more against unions
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
(1862) law that provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.
Homestead Act
(1894) strike in Chicago led by Eugene Debs for railroad workers that spread nationwide. President Grover Cleveland called in federal troops to put down the strike.
Pullman Strike
She wrote about the plight of Native Americans
Who is Hellen Hunt Jackson?
policy that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals in the United States at the expense of immigrants
Nativism
These sustained the southern colonial economy and led to the growth of indentured servitude and slavery.
What are cash crops?
technique used by Carnegie where he combined into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing.
Vertical Integration
Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power, the Tweed Organization in NYC was an example of this
Political Machine
one of the two political farmers' organizations to assemble nationwide, forerunners of the Populists
The Grange or the Farmers' Alliance
American union leader and multiple times Presidential candidate for the Socialists ... he won almost a million votes from his jail cell in 1920
Eugene Debs
The 1890 Census reported that the frontier was no more. This essay evaluated the importance of the frontier in American history
What is the Turner Thesis?
Describe common push factors of immigration at the turn of the 19th/20th centuries for the new immigrants
religious persecution, famine, overcrowding
War debt from this conflict forced Great Britain to change its colonial policies, ending salutary neglect.
What is the French and Indian War?
a railroad that would cross the continent and connect the East to the West in 1869
transcontinental railroad
Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption, led by William "Boss" Tweed
Tammany Hall
one common complaint among farmers was that they were overcharged by these
What is the RR's?
The Homestead Strike occurred at this person's steel mill
Who is Carnegie?
What is the Ghost Dance
A population shift from rural areas to cities and the ways in which each society adapts to the change
urbanization
Jacksonian Democracy featured lessening of voting restrictions resulting in this phenomenon
What is Universal White Male Suffrage?
Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)
horizontal integration
(1883) created civil service and banned requirement of government workers to support political campaigns,
Pendleton Act
This state law that regulated railroads was eventually overturned by the Supreme Court.
What is Wabash v. Illinois?
During most Gilded Age labor strikes, the government (local, state, federal) tended to do this
What is side with the owners/businesses?
1887: Designed to break up reservations into individual plots of land for Indians, and encouraged assimilation
Dawes Act
The first major legal restriction on immigration to the U.S. in 1882; prohibited further unskilled immigration from THIS country in order to reduce competition for jobs.
China (Chinese Exclusion Act)
This book changed the way many people viewed slavery and boosted the abolitionist cause.
What is Uncle Tom's Cabin?