Industrialization
What fueled the Gilded Age economy?
Railroads, steel
What was a tenement?
Crowded urban housing
What was the Knights of Labor?
Inclusive labor union
What was the spoils system?
Jobs for supporters
What was the Homestead Act?
Free land to settlers
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Steel tycoon, philanthropist
Why did immigrants come?
Jobs, escape persecution
What happened at Haymarket Riot?
Violent labor protest
What did the Pendleton Act do?
Merit-based hiring
What were Indian Wars?
Fights over land
What was vertical integration?
Control every production step
What was nativism?
Anti-immigrant sentiment
What was the AFL?
Skilled labor union
What were tariffs used for?
Protect U.S. industry
What happened at Wounded Knee?
Massacre of Sioux
What was the "Gospel of Wealth"?
Wealth = duty to give back
What was a political machine?
Urban political organization
What did labor unions want?
Better wages, hours
What was the Populist Party?
Farmers’ political movement
What was the Dawes Act?
Assimilation of natives
How did monopolies affect the economy?
Limited competition
How did cities change during this era?
Skyscrapers, services
Why were strikes often unsuccessful?
Gov’t sided with business
What did they want?
Silver, gov’t control of railroads
How did the frontier close?
1890 Census, Frederick Jackson Turner