Business
Economic philosophy promoted by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government
laissez-faire
law that prohibited rebates and required the railroads to publish their rates openly; also forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for a short haul than for a long one over the same line
Interstate Commerce Act
party formed in 1892 whose platform focus was on coinage of silver and gold in addition to other progressive ideas (hugely supported by farmers)
Populism or Populist Party
creator of the American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
The systematic program by the US government to force Native Americans to adopt European American ideas about culture, private ownership land and school.
assimilation
a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded
Tenement
Name all 4 1912 presidential candidates & their political parties
Roosevelt (progressive), Taft (republican), Wilson (democrat), Debs (socialist)
"Oil Baron", Standard Oil.
John D. Rockefeller
(1890) a law that tried to regulate trusts. It favored businesses rather than workers and was originally used to break up labor unions.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
(1862) law that provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.
Homestead Act
(1894) strike in Chicago led by Eugene Debs for railroad workers that spread nationwide. President Grover Cleveland called in federal troops to put down the strike.
Pullman Strike
1876: AKA General Custer's Last Stand (Custer and more than 250 of his men were killed by Native Americans)
Battle of Little Bighorn
policy that favors native-born or long-term resident individuals in the United States at the expense of immigrants
Nativism
Muckraker responsible for exposing business practices of Standard Oil
Ida Tarbell
technique used by Carnegie where he combined into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing.
Vertical Integration
Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power;
Rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations
Political Machine
THIS was the first farmers' organization to assemble nationwide
The Grange OR Patrons of Husbandry
American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW); went on to run for president
Eugene Debs
where Native American children were forced to go to learn English, cut their hair, learn farming skills, and physically punished for practicing cultural customs.
Indian Boarding Schools
Describe common push factors of immigration at the turn of the 19th century
religious persecution, famine, overcrowding
These (3) new pieces of state legislation were designed to promote greater democracy and voter voice
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
a railroad that would cross the continent and connect the East to the West in 1869
transcontinental railroad
Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption, led by William "Boss" Tweed
Tammany Hall
This farmers' organization became much more intent on fighting against businesses that were oppressing them (led by Charles MaCune)
The Farmers' Alliance
Violent labor conflict in Carnegie's mills;
Henry Frick (manager) announced pay cut
Strike had to be put down by state militia in 1892
Homestead Strike
A ritual dance performed by some members of the Sioux tribe in an effort to bring back the buffalo and remove white settlers from their lands
Ghost Dance
A population shift from rural areas to cities and the ways in which each society adapts to the change
urbanization
Neighborhood centers established to provide help to needy families, combat juvenile delinquency, and assist recent immigrants in assimilation
Settlement Houses
Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)
horizontal integration
(1883) law that reformed the patronage system; created civil service and banned requirement of government workers to support political campaigns.
Pendleton Act
While it never came to fruition, THIS would've provided low interest loans to farmers; would also support farmers through a federal system of warehouses that would hold crops to ensure minimum prices
Subtreasury system
Nicknamed "wobblies", members of this labor union were considered radical or extreme
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
1887: Designed to break up reservations into individual plots of land for Indians (mirrored the Homestead Act)
Dawes Act
The first major legal restriction on immigration to the U.S. in 1882; prohibited further unskilled immigration from THIS country in order to reduce competition for jobs.
China (Chinese Exclusion Act)
founded in 1874 with an initial focus primarily on prohibition
Women's Christian Temperance Union