Business
Urbanization/Immigration
The "New" South
Labor in the Gilded Age
Native Americans
How We Keep The $$$
100
This was an economic philosophy that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic thought dominated most of the time period of the Industrial Revolution.
What is laissez-faire
100
Name one push and one pull factor for new immigration during the Gilded Age
Push: (1) the poverty of displaced farmworkers driven from the land by political turmoil and the mechanization of farmwork, (2) overcrowding and joblessness in cities as a result of a population boom, and (3) religious persecution, particularly of Jews in eastern Europe.
Pull: country's reputation for political and religious freedom and the economic opportunities afforded by the settling of the West and the abundance of industrial jobs in U.S. cities
100
"New South" was coined by this Southern journalist
Who is Henry Grady?
100
an organization of workers
What is a union?
100
How did the historical developments depicted in this image impact the lives of Indigenous people?
-Took more land and autonomy from Natives
- Caused more conflicts (ex: Indian Wars) between Indigenous and settlers
- Decimated population of buffalo/bison
100
The late 19th century (from the 1870s to about 1900). An era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold layer of economic progress. The term was coined by Mark Twain.
Gilded Age
200
the technique used by Carnegie where he combined all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing into one organization.
What is Vertical Integration?
200
An unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power
Sometimes referred to as a shadow government
These groups rose to power in the late 1800s because of ill-equipped local (municipal) governments that failed to meet the needs of growing urban populations
*Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall*
What is a Political Machine?
200
1896 court case that validated the South's segregationist social order, ruling "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the "equal protection" clause of the 14th Amendment.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
200
(1894) strike in Chicago led by Eugene Debs for railroad workers that spread nationwide. President Grover Cleveland called in federal troops to put down the strike.
What is the Pullman Strike?
200
Richard Pratt's belief in "killing the Indian and saving the man" meant _______ and was the foundation for _______
The foundation for the Indian Boarding School Movement and a key part of the assimilationist movement -- assimilated through cutting hair, forcing students to wear American clothes, not allowing them to practice their religion, etc.
200
The application of a popular theory of evolution to the business world; was used by industrialists and social conservatives to discourage any government regulation in society and explain why they were getting so rich.
Social Darwinism
300
Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil)
horizontal integration
300
Name 3 groups of people who would support strict restrictions and immigration and why
Social Darwinists
Nativists
some Labor Union leaders
300
state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation after the Civil War
What are Jim Crow Laws?
300
Gompers said this union was "not a Sunday School" it would focus on "bread and butter" goals
(ex: higher wages, shorter hours, safe working conditions, strikes, employer's liability)What is the American Federation of Labor?
300
A ritual and spiritual movement performed by some members of the Sioux tribe in an effort to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.
US military troops attacked a tribe performing the dance and murdered them at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.
What is the Ghost Dance?
300
Emphasized in an essay written by Andrew Carnegie, this describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of the self-made rich.
Gospel of Wealth
400
- direct popular election of U.S. senators
- a graduated income tax (the greater a person's income, the higher the percentage of the tax on his or her income)
-public ownership of railroads by the U.S. government
These are all.....
- an 8-hour workday
What are the goals of the Populist Party?
400
Do the B in BAM! *Contextualization*
What does one need to know in order to understand this political cartoon?
Chinese Exclusion Act
In many mining towns, half the population was foreign-born. About one-third of the western miners in the 1860s were Chinese immigrants. Native-born Americans resented the competition.
Political pressure from western states moved Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, which prohibited further immigration to the United States by Chinese laborers. Immigration from China was severely restricted until 1965. The 1882 law was the first major act of Congress to restrict immigration on the basis of race and nationality.
400
an African-American investigative journalist, educator, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement, who write about lynchings of African Americans in the South
Ida B. Wells
400
Impact of industrialization on working conditions (name at least 3)
What is:
alienation, job insecurity, physical danger, loss of community, low wages, long hours
400
1887 Legislation that allotted each head of household 160 acres of reservation land; land deemed to be "surplus" beyond what was needed for allotment was opened to white settlers with the proceeds invested in education programs; designed to encourage the breakup of the tribes and promote the assimilation of Native Americans into American society. The historical significances that Native Americans lost about 90 million acres of treaty land.
What is the Dawes Severalty Act?
400
Late 19th-century movement Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve the lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement.
Social Gospel
500
Which TWO of the following statements best demonstrate the skill of placing an event in context?
1. Wages for American workers, though low, were higher than wages for similar workers in Europe.
2. The creation of time zones demonstrated the nationalization of events and behavior in the late 19th century.
3. Eugene Debs dedicated his adult life fighting for working people.
4. Thomas Edison deserves great credit for his contributions to modern life.
1, 2
500
Term given to the overcrowded housing for workers and the poor, refered to as "slum dwellings." Riis' How the Other Half Lives showcased the poverty of these
What are tenements?
500
In what ways was the "New South" really new? In what ways did it not change? One specific example for each.
Answers will vary
New? Industrialization, the building of railroads, slavery --> sharecropping
Continuities? Southern Democrats dominate, racist laws, terror lynchings, and agriculture is still a part just not the main part, etc.
500
a labor protest rally turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police, the Knights of Labor were unfairly associated with this event
What is the Haymarket Affair/Tragedy?
500
Name one continuity and one change in how the US dealt with Indigenous people between Period 1 and Period 6
Responses will vary
Change: intentional destruction of resources, Assimilation (Boarding Schools), reservation systems, Dawes Act, treaties
Continuity: flaky Federal Policies, armed conflict, pushing them farther and farther West,
500
Why did businesses consolidate into monopolies, pools, and trusts?
Many business leaders sought increased profits by consolidating corporations into large trusts and holding companies, which further concentrated wealth.
Trust: One powerful company will have control of the stocks of many smaller companies in the same line of business, creating a monopoly.
Ex: Standard Oil (first), Railroad