Mostly American Indians
This territory consists of the wide expanse of land between the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Mississippi River to the east?
Great Plains
African American cavalrymen who fought in the West against American Indians in the 1870s and 1880s?
Term popularized in the 1880s by newspaper editor Henry Grady, a proponent of the modernization of the southern economy?
New South
Strategy of placing allies on the boards of directors and in C-Suite positions? Used by J.P. Morgan to control the railroad industry.
Interlocking directorates
Trade union federation founded in 1886? Led by Samuel Gompers, this federation sought to organize skilled workers into trade-specific unions.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Completed in 1869, this linked the East and West coasts of North America. Built primarily by Chinese and Irish immigrants.
Transcontinental Railroad
1887 act that ended federal recognition of tribal sovereignty and divided American Indian land into 160-acre parcels to be distributed to American Indian heads of household. This act undermined American Indian social and cultural institutions.
Dawes (Severalty) Act
The system used by southern governments to furnish mainly African America prison labor to plantation owners and industrialists and to raise revenue for the states? In practice, this system replaced slavery as the means of providing a forced labor supply.
Convict Lease
Business monopolies formed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through mergers and consolidation that inhibited competition and controlled the market?
Trusts
1892 lockout strike by steelworkers at Andrew Carnegie's factory. The strike collapsed after a failed assassination attempt on the plant manager, Andrew Frick. Put down by the Pinkertons.
Homestead Strike
This 1851 treaty sought to confine tribes on the northern plains to designated areas in an attempt to prevent white settlers from encroaching on their land?
Treaty of Fort Laramie
1862 Act that established procedures for distributing 160-acre lots to western settlers, on condition that they develop and farm their land, as an incentive for western migration.
Homestead Act
Late nineteenth-century statutes that established legally defined racial segregation in the South? Helped to ensure the social and economic disenfranchisement of southern Black people. Example: Poll tax.
Jim Crow laws
1890 act outlawing monopolies that prevented free competition in interstate commerce (ineffective)?
Sherman Antitrust Act
1894 strike by workers in IL that disrupted rail service nationwide, threatening mail delivery. President Grover Cleveland ordered federal troops to end the strike.
Pullman Strike
This 1864 massacre (during the Civil War) led to a series of wars throughout the central plains, where the Lakota Sioux led the resistance? Led to the second Treaty of Fort Laramie.
Sand Creek Massacre
Massacre committed by U.S. military in South Dakota in 1890. On the edge of starvation, the Plains Indians began the "Ghost Dance," which they believed would protect them from bullets. In response, U.S. soldiers invaded the encampment, killing approximately 250 Natives.
Wounded Knee Massacre
1896 Supreme Court ruling that determined that as long as states provided "equal but separate" facilities for white and black people, Jim Crow laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Also known as Taylorism (Frederick W. Taylor), a management style that aimed to constantly improve the efficiently of employees by reducing manual labor labor to its simplest components--thus increasing productivity while decreasing costs?
Scientific Management
The argument, made by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in the 1890s, that the closing of the western frontier endangered the existence of democracy because it removed the opportunity for the pioneer spirit that built America to regenerate?
Frontier Thesis
1876 battle in the Montana Territory in which Lieutenant Colonel George Custer and his troops were massacred by the Sioux?
Battle of Little Bighorn
Followers of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young who migrated to Utah to escape religious persecution; also known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints?
Mormons
A negative term applied to late nineteenth-century industrialists and capitalists who became very rich by dominating large industries?
Robber barons
Founded in 1869, a labor federation that aimed to unite all workers in one national union and challenge the power of corporate capitalists?
Knights of Labor
Religious movement that advocated the application of Christian teachings to social and economic problems. Inspired many progressive reformers.
Social gospel