Imperialism
What was the "White Man's Burden"?
the alleged duty of white people to manage the affairs of the less developed, nonwhite people
What issues did the Progressive reformers want to solve from the Gilded Age?
Corruption and social issues
Main causes of WWI? Briefly explain how.
Militarism: glory of largest military, stockpiling weapons, new technology
Assassination:nationalism, austro-hungarian requested serbia's assistance and they denied
Imperialism: high tensions, survival of the fittest caused economic competition
Nationalism: people's devotion to their country
How did prohibition influence crime?
It banned alcohol. Organized crime started from a demand for alcohol - government officials were underemployed to enforce it. Illegal activity increased.
Yellow Journalism - Newspapers that present little or no legitimate well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales. William Randolph Hearst said this to a journalist he sent to Cuba before the Spanish-American War.
Why did the U.S. decide to participate in imperialism?
Desire for military strength, thirst for new markets, belief in cultural superiority
What are Muckrakers?
reform-minded journalists who exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt (criticized and exposed corruption in big business)
What led to the U.S. declaring war and giving the Allied Powers an advantage?
What was the Great Migration? What events ensued?
African Americans left the South due to segregation (Jim Crow), racial violence (lynchings, KKK), limited economic opportunities (sharecropping). They moved north and west finding economic opportunities but still facing discrimination. Race riots - Red Summer 1919 in northern cities
Who were the primary Progressive reformers in general? Name one and what they did.
Florence Kelley (started National Consumers League, urged mothers to buy products that treated women fairly) Mary Church Terrell (co-founded National Association of University Women) Margaret Sanger (birth control activist, Planned Parenthood), Ida B. Wells-Barnett (co-founded NAACP, wrote/exposed lynchings), Carrie Chapman Catt (president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association), Alice Paul (formed National Women's Party - picketed White House), Elizabeth Cady Stanton (pioneer to women gaining the vote, Convention at Seneca Falls), Susan B. Anthony (fought for women's right to vote for over 50 years), Jane Addams (co-founded Hull House), Charlotte Hawkins Brown (member of Negro Business League, president of Federation of Colored Women club)
Why was the annexation of the Philippines controversial?
Filipinos had helped Americans defeat Spain in Philippine-American War to just be annexed by the U.S. Proponents (desire for commercial opportunities, Filipinos couldn't self-rule, another power would control it) Opponents (morally wrong, could give Filipinos say in American Government)
What were the four goals of Progressive Reformers?
What is the "Melting Pot"? How can it be considered in relation to Nativism?
Melting Pot had to do with immigration - immigrants abandoning their old traditions and cultures and becoming "American". Nativists argued that although some immigrants were able to assimilate, there were some that were undesirable and unable to assimilate. Europeans could adjust, non-white immigrants and black americans couldn't.
What was the Harlem Renaissance and what was its influence?
It was the development of the Harlem neighborhood as a black cultural center and the resulting social and artistic explosions. This helped African American writers and artists take control over the representation of black culture and experiences. This started to change public views towards the group.
What strategies did the U.S. government use in Propaganda during WWI? Name at least three.
Enlist/support those who are enlisted, buy bonds to help finance the war, be loyal to the government and report those who aren't, work in wartime industry, work instead of staying home, volunteer skills or time, eat more of certain items and less of others, ration, grow your own food
What two incidents influenced the U.S. declaring war on Spain? (and how)
Dupuy de Lome Letter - letter from Spanish Ambassador of the U.S. to the Foreign Minister of Spain that was criticizing McKinley for being weak with regard to Cuba. Influenced the U.S. because it caused an international scandal and fueled anti-Spanish, pro-war sentiment.
U.S.S. Maine - McKinley sent this ship to Havana harbor, Cuba (reasons unknown), it exploded (unknown reasons). Yellow journalism blamed it on Spain, fueled anti-Spanish, pro-war sentiment.
How did Theodore Roosevelt change the role of the Presidency and the U.S.'s foreign policy?
Foreign Policy - "speak softly and carry a big stick" - U.S. became enforcers of the Monroe Doctrine (U.S. as emerging world power)
How did WWI limit freedom of speech? What acts?
Espionage Act of 1917: prohibited spying, interfering with the draft, and "False statements" that may impede military success
Sedition Act of 1918: made it a crime to make spoken or written statements intended to cast "contempt, scorn, or disrepute" on the "form of government" or advocate disruption of the war effort
Mass-production was popularized by whom and for what purpose?
Henry Ford, he could produce more vehicles, lower the price to make it a cornerstone of America society
What reasons did many senators give as to why they didn't want to ratify the Treaty of Versailles? (without ratification they will not join the League of Nations)
Argued it would get the U.S. involved in foreign entanglements and it would take war-making decisions out of Congress' hands
What reasons did Imperialists use to advocate for it; what reasons did anti-Imperialists used to oppose it? Who where famous people on each side?
(must use at least two reasons for each side and one famous person)
Imperialists: economic opportunities, racial theories, frontier was "closed", expand military/navy to compete with Europe (William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt)
Anti-Imperialists: self-determination, tradition of isolationism, colonies brought conflict, hypocritical (Grover Cleveland, Samuel Clemens - Mark Twain author)
Muller v. Oregon: What did this do?
Unanimously upheld a 10-hour law for women workers. Brandeis Brief presented "Scientific" authorities that intended to show that overwork damaged the health of employee's and women were in special need of hours laws because they took away from their families. This was once seen as a victory, but later used as an excuse to pay women less.
How does Woodrow Wilson change the United States' Foreign Policy?
Reversed on the hands-off approach and decided Moral Diplomacy was the route (support to countries will similar beliefs, U.S. had the duty to instruct others on Democracy)
What foreign policy did the United States enact during this time?
Unilateral - one-sided, pursuit of their own interests with select military intervention, international investment happening with a continuation of dollar diplomacy (isolationism)
Who wrote the "14 Reservations" in retaliation to Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points?
Henry Cabot Lodge (republican senator)