Period 1
This system of forced labor in Spanish colonies required indigenous peoples to work on lands.
Encomiendo System
This 1607 settlement marked the beginning of permanent English colonization in North America.
Jamestown
This document, passed by the British Parliament in 1765, directly taxed certain goods imported into the colonies.
The Stamp Act
This land purchase from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States and opened the door for westward expansion.
Louisiana Purchase
This document, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, declared slaves free in Confederate states, marking a turning point in the war.
Emancipation Proclamtion
This explorer, sailing for Spain in 1492, landed in the Bahamas and mistakenly believed he had reached Asia.
Christopher Columbus
This cash crop, demanding a large labor force, helped fuel the growth of the Southern colonies..
Tobacco
This famous pamphlet, written by Thomas Paine in 1776, argued for American independence from Great Britain.
Common Sense
This political compromise in 1820 aimed to maintain a balance of power between slave and free states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
Missouri Compromise
This 1854 act allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty, inflaming sectional tensions.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This Mesoamerican civilization, known for its advanced cities, complex writing system, and pyramid temples, flourished in central Mexico before the arrival of the Spanish.
Aztecs
This 1763 British proclamation aimed to quell tensions with Native Americans by forbidding colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Proclamation Line of 1763
This versatile machine, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, revolutionized cotton production in the South.
Cottin Gin
This Supreme Court case solidified the principle of judicial review, allowing the court to strike down laws deemed unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison
Signed in 1848, this treaty formally ended the Mexican-American War and granted the U.S. vast territory in the Southwest.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
This exchange of diseases, plants, animals, and culture between the Old World and the New World began after 1492.
Columbian Exchange
This 1739 religious revival movement emphasized personal conversion and emotional expression.
First Great Awakening
This crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War secured French military and financial aid for the Continental Army.
Battle of Saratoga
This forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma is known as...
Trail of Tears
This 1846 compromise by David Wilmot proposed banning slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico.
Wilmot Proviso
This grain, originally domesticated in Mexico, became a dietary staple for many Native American civilizations.
Maize
This 1754 meeting of colonial representatives aimed to unite the colonies against the French threat.
The Albany Congress
This document, drafted by the Second Continental Congress, outlined a plan for governing the colonies independent of Great Britain.
Articles of Confederation
Documented by journalist John L. O'Sullivan, this concept claimed American expansion was divinely ordained and justified westward movement.
Manifest Destiny
This famous 1860 speech by Abraham Lincoln argued against the spread of slavery and its threat to the nation's future.
House Divided Speech