People
This person served as the second governor of the Plymouth colony (1621-1657) and developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.
Who is William Bradford
This was a nickname given to women of the 1920s who were independent and taking more risks with their dress, hairstyles and behavior.
What is Flappers
First direct tax on colonists and caused riots, was repealed in 1766
What is the Stamp Act
This landmark case established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to determine the constitutionality of federal laws.
Marbury v. Madison
This person preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. Forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637, her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
Who is Anne Hutchinson
This person became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs, he opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.
Who is John Winthrop
These people were NON-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England. They received a right to settle in the Massachusetts Bay area from the King of England.
Who are the Puritans
This is political term refers to a law passed by the legislature that can be given to the people for approval or veto. This and other reforms made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people.
What is Referendum
established the "separate but equal" doctrine, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
An early feminist, this person worked constantly with her husband in liberal causes, particularly slavery abolition and women's suffrage. Her home was a station on the Underground Railroad and she helped organize the first women's rights convention.
Who is Lucretia Mott
Founder and president of the U.S. Steel Corporation. First president of the American Iron and Steel Institute in 1901, he was also involved in the stock market.
Who is Charles Schwab
This is a feeling of hatred toward foreigners that arose in the 1840s and 1850s in response to the influx of immigrants
What is Nativism
This 1903 legislation on railroads strengthened earlier federal legislation that outlawed preferential pricing through rebate and prohibited railroads from transporting goods they already owned.
What is the Mann-Elkins Act
1886 - Stated that individual states could control trade in their states, but could not regulate railroads coming through them. Congress had exclusive jurisdiction over interstate commerce.
What is Wabash v. Illinois
A writer and lecturer, she worked on behalf of household arts and education of the young. Although she established two schools for women and emphasized better teacher training, she opposed women's suffrage.
Who is Catherine Beecher
This Governor of Alabama ran as the American Independent Party candidate in the presidential election of 1968. A right-wing racist, he appealed to the people's fear of big government and made a good showing.
Who is George Wallace
Developed in the 1800's in response to growing interest in higher education, this movement was directly responsible for the increase in the number of institutions of higher learning.
What is the Lyceum Movement
This was to help settlers who occupied land and improved it before surveys were done. Without it, settlers could be outbid for the land.
What is the Pre-Emption Act
In this 1925 case, a man was arrested for being a socialist and a member of the Communist party. The Supreme Court upheld the conviction and the case was among many that define the extent and limit of freedom of speech.
Gitlow v. New York
This leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's served as a nurse in the poor sections of New York City where she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. She founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.
Who is Margaret Sanger
This American educator led the philosophical movement called Pragmatism. Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve problems and called for educational reforms based on a "learn by doing" concept.
This was the name Gertrude Stein gave the new literary movement led by restless young writers who gathered in Paris after WWI. The writers thought that America was materialistic and criticized conformity.
What is "The Lost Generation"
This ambitious agreement made war as a tool of national policy illegal and allowed war only for defense. It was widely believed to be useless.
What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928
This case declared that enslaved people and their descendants were not citizens and could not sue in federal court, further fueling the debate over slavery
Dred Scott v. Sanford
1st female candidate for President; activist for women's rights and labor reforms; advocate of free love, by which she meant the freedom to marry, divorce, and bear children without government interference
Who is Victoria Woodhull