Politics
President whose 'Swing Around the Circle" failed
Andrew Johnnson
Made by the pope to keep his two main Catholic countries, Portugal and Spain from fighting over the New World. Divided New World with Spain getting unchristian land west of line and Portugal those east plus Brazil. Ignored by English, France, Holland, etc. 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
investors pool money to put together a voyage. Get percentage of profits (furs, tobacco, gold, etc.)
Joint-Stock Company
questioned legal basis of Congregationalism. Wanted separation of church and state and said Indians should have been paid for land. Banished in 1635.
Roger Williams
Mass hysteria led to more accusations and hangings. Governor William Phips forbade any other imprisonment for witchcraft in October. one man was also pressed to death. 1692-1693
Salem Witch Trials
Portuguese, started navigation school at Sagres to find all water route to India
Prince Henry the Navigator
Site picked by Sir Walter Raleigh for 1st English colony in New World. 1585--settlers spent all time looking for nonexistent gold
Roanoke
For each fare paid to the New World, received acres of land.
Headright
followers of Anne Hutchinson. Means "those opposed to the rule of the law."
Antinomianism
Great orator of Great Awakening. Former bartender. Crowd of 30,000 listened to him. Hellfire and brimstone preacher.
George Whitefield
Written by Thomas Hooker; first constitution in English colonies. Modeled after government of Massachusetts Bay. Voting/office-holding open to all male landowners. 1639
Fundamental Order
Dictated by Lord Baltimore. Religious freedom for all Christians. 1649
Act of Toleration
goods that the colonies could only sell to England; ie sugar, cotton, indigo
enumerated goods
Smallest group of Puritans, aka Pilgrims. Said no hope of reforming the Church of England so they "separated." Sailed for American in 1620.
Separatists
General search warrant that permitted customs officials to enter any ship or building believed to contain smuggled goods.
Writs of Assistance
Cases heard by 1 judge who got a percentage of confiscated loot. No jury. Attempt to try and stop smuggling in colonies. Guilty until proven innocent.
admiralty courts
Rich Congregationalist. Spoke of "City upon a hill." Set out to create a model city. Leader of Congregational Puritans who came to America.
John Winthrop
England's treatment of their colonies. As a result, colonists didn't obey laws.
salutary neglect
Henry created the Church of England, or the Anglican Church, which was decidedly Protestant.
Anglican
citizens organized into extralegal militia units--obtained name from claim that they could respond instantly to an emergency.
Minutemen
journalist/editor arrested for libel. Found innocent. Set principle of truth cannot be libel. Sets precedent of jury over judge.
John Peter Zenger
Ottawa chieftain forged an alliance with several western tribes and launched an offensive in May that sacked 8 British forts near Great Lakes and 2 other at Pittsburgh and Detroit.
Pontiac's Rebellion
light external taxes on lead, tea, glass, paint, white paper. Tax to be paid before they could be unloaded and only if they had been imported from England. Supposed to raise revenue.
Townshend Act
Sermon written by British Colonial Christian theologian Jonathan Edwards preached to his own congregation in Northampton, Massachusetts
"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
1720-1740. Religious revival. Reaction of Enlightenment and seemingly less religious fervor by Americans. Greater impact on colonies than Enlightenment.
First Great Awakening