Period 1 & 2
This 16th-century exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the New World and the Old World radically transformed global populations
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Following the French and Indian War, this British decree prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflict with Native Americans.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
This 19th-century belief held that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its democratic institutions from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
What is Manifest Destiny?
Coined by Mark Twain, this term describes the late 19th century as an era that looked golden on the outside but was riddled with political corruption and social inequality underneath.
What is the Gilded Age?
Following WWII, this foreign policy strategy aimed to prevent the spread of communism, as articulated by George Kennan and implemented through the Truman Doctrine.
What is Containment?
This Spanish labor system granted settlers the legal right to extract forced labor from indigenous populations in exchange for "protection" and Christian conversion.
What is the Encomienda System?
Written primarily by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, this series of 85 essays argued in favor of ratifying the new U.S. Constitution.
What are the Federalist Papers?
Part of the Compromise of 1850, this highly controversial law required citizens to assist in the capture of runaway slaves and denied accused fugitives a jury trial.
What is the Fugitive Slave Act?
These early 20th-century investigative journalists, such as Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair, sought to expose social ills and corporate corruption to spur reform.
Who are the Muckrakers?
This 1954 landmark Supreme Court case unanimously ruled that "separate but equal" education was inherently unequal, effectively overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Founded in 1607, this was the first permanent English settlement in North America, which struggled until the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop.
What is Jamestown?
his 1823 foreign policy declaration warned European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, asserting that the Americas were no longer open to colonization
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This 1854 act, championed by Stephen Douglas, repealed the Missouri Compromise and introduced the concept of popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories.
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Triggered by the 1929 stock market crash, this decade-long economic collapse led to the New Deal and a massive expansion of the federal government's role in the economy.
What is the Great Depression?
President Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic program, which included the "War on Poverty" and the creation of Medicare and Medicaid to expand the social safety net.
What is the Great Society?
This 1676 uprising in Virginia, led by frontiersmen against Governor Berkeley, shifted the colony’s labor source from indentured servants toward African slavery.
What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
This landmark 1803 Supreme Court case, presided over by John Marshall, established the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Issued by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Antietam, this executive order shifted the purpose of the Civil War to include the abolition of slavery in Confederate-held territory.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
During WWII, this secret research and development project was tasked with producing the world's first nuclear weapons, culminating in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
What is the Manhattan Project?
This economic philosophy, often associated with the 1980s, advocates for tax cuts and deregulation to stimulate investment and economic growth.
What is Supply-Side Economics (or Reaganomics)?
Unlike the religiously motivated New England colonies, these "Breadbasket" colonies were characterized by significant ethnic diversity and religious tolerance.
What are the Middle Colonies (or Mid-Atlantic Colonies)?
Emerging from the Second Great Awakening, this 1848 convention issued the "Declaration of Sentiments," which famously stated that "all men and women are created equal."
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
This 1865 federal agency was established to provide food, shelter, medical aid, and education to newly freed African Americans and poor whites in the post-war South.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
Sensationalist "Yellow Journalism" helped spark this 1898 conflict, which resulted in the U.S. acquiring overseas territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
What is the Spanish-American War?
Passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, this controversial legislation expanded the government’s authority to conduct surveillance to prevent future acts of terrorism.
What is the USA PATRIOT Act?