Units 1 & 2
What was the popular crop of this time?
What is Maize?
The forced relocation of approximately 60,000 Native Americans from their ancestral southeastern U.S. homelands to designated "Indian Territory" (modern Oklahoma) between 1830 and 1850.
What is the Trail of Tears?
A 19th-century belief that the United States was divinely ordained—destined by God—to expand its dominion, democracy, and capitalism across the entire North American continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
What is Manifest Destiny?
On October 29, 1929, was the most devastating stock market crash in U.S. history, marking the end of the "Roaring Twenties" and signaling the start of the Great Depression.
What is Black Tuesday?
Landmark Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The unanimous decision declared "separate but equal" facilities inherently unequal, violating the 14th Amendment.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
The largest enslaved uprising in the British mainland colonies, occurring on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River in South Carolina.
An American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
A rapid mass migration of roughly 300,000 people to California, sparked by James Marshall's discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma on January 24, 1848.
What is California Gold Rush?
Productive special session of Congress early in FDR's first term, aimed at reversing the Great Depression. He passed 15 major bills and 77 laws
What is Roosevelt’s 100 Days?
A revolutionary, militant Black Power organization founded in Oakland, California, in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.
What is Black Panther Party?
The forced, brutal maritime voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas, forming the "middle" leg of the 16th to 19th-century transatlantic slave trade.
What is the Middle Passage?
A US constitutional crisis where South Carolina declared federal tariffs (1828, 1832) unconstitutional and unenforceable, claiming states could veto federal law. Led by John C. Calhoun, the state threatened secession, prompting President Andrew Jackson to threaten military force before a compromise tariff ended the crisis.
What is the Nullification Crisis?
The first major national labor organization in the United States, advocating for the social and economic uplift of workers.
What was the Knights of Labor?
A severe, decade-long environmental disaster in the 1930s characterized by intense drought and massive dust storms that devastated the Great Plains, particularly Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico.
What is the Dust Bowl?
A landmark bipartisan federal education law signed in 2002 that mandated standardized testing, school accountability, and high-quality teachers to close achievement gaps.
What is No Child Left Behind?
A massive Protestant revival movement in Britain and the American colonies, emphasizing individual piety, emotional conversion, and personal salvation over strict ritualism.
What is the Great Awakening (first)?
A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States. The Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that it had the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional, confirming the judiciary as a co-equal branch of government.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
A 19th-century American nativist political party (officially the American Party) that flourished in the 1850s, largely opposing immigration and Roman Catholic influence. Originating from the secret "Order of the Star-Spangled Banner" (1849), members vowed to say "I know nothing" about the organization.
what is the Know-nothing party?
1880s American foreign policy formulated by Secretary of State James G. Blaine aimed at rallying Latin American nations under U.S. leadership.
What is Big Sister Policy?
A decades-long, US-led campaign initiated in 1971 that aimed to curb illegal drug trade and consumption through punitive policies, mandatory sentencing, and increased law enforcement.
What is War on Drugs?
A long-standing historical, anti-Spanish, and anti-Catholic propaganda tradition, beginning in the 16th century, that paints Spanish imperial history as uniquely cruel, bigoted, and barbaric
What is Black Legend?
America’s first cohesive art movement (c. 1825–1875), consisting of a group of painters who depicted the Hudson River Valley and surrounding New England landscape with romantic, epic, and spiritual intensity.
What is the Hudson River School?
The oldest American agricultural organization, created to unite farmers, improve rural life, and advocate for economic and political rights
What is The Grange
A U.S. Navy battle fleet of 16 modern, white-painted battleships that circumnavigated the globe from December 16, 1907, to February 22, 1909, by order of President Theodore Roosevelt.
Known as the October War or Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was a surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria launched on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur.
What is Yom Kippur War?