Leaders of the early nation
First US President
George Washington
Trade of roughly 10 million Africans for slavery
The Slave Trade
Began in the Southeastern U.S. and stretched from Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, and North Carolina and ended in Indian Territory, which is modern-day Oklahoma, with the Cherokee Nation's journey being the most famous, involving over 16,000 people forced from their ancestral lands
The Trail of Tears
The 19th-century American belief that the U.S. was divinely ordained to expand across the North American continent, spreading democracy, capitalism, and Protestant values from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This ideology justified territorial acquisition.
Manifest Destiny
Lead the US through the civil war and abolished slavery.
Abraham Lincoln
A broad movement fighting chattel slavery
Abolitionism
U.S. policies promoted settlement in new territories (Louisiana Purchase, Texas).
Westward Exspansion
The most infamous epidemic, causing vast mortality and societal collapse.
Small Pox
Was the acquisition of territory by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. This consisted of most of the land in the Mississippi River's drainage basin west of the river.
The Lousiana Purchase
American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington. He also founded America's first political party, the Federalist Party, in 1791.
Alexander Hamilton
personal salvation through individual choice and emotional experience, rejecting Calvinist predestination for free will, emphasizing a direct, personal relationship with God, and motivating widespread social reforms like abolition and temperance, fostering a more democratic and accessible Christianity.
The second Great Awakening
Chinese laborers faced extreme discrimination, leading to violence and the 1875 Page Act and 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, the first major federal law banning a specific nationality.
Western Coast Anti-Chinese-Act
Fought between Great Britain and France and their colonists, as well as Native American tribes. They fought over territories and expansion throughout North America.
The French and Indian War
A treaty created in 1794 to prevent a war with Britain.
Jays Treaty
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin and influenced abolition.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
The sought to create free, universal, tax-supported public schools for all children to foster responsible citizenship, promote social harmony, and prepare workers for an industrializing nation.
The Education Reform
Many Europeans came as apprentices or laborers bound for a term or convicts, often to learn trades, creating labor systems.
Indentured Servitude
Signed by President Andrew Jackson, authorized the forced relocation of Native American.
Indian Removal Act
Created in 1823 to prevent further western colonization and for the US to not be involved with European politics.
The Monroe Doctrine
Crucial to the survival of Jamestown
John Smith
era marks the beginning of America's organized movement to curb alcohol, driven by religious revivalism, middle-class values, and concerns about societal ills like poverty and abuse; early efforts focused on moderating spirits, leading to pledges and the 1826 American Temperance Society, but soon grew to demand total abstinence and eventually prohibition, shaping American culture and politics for decades.
Temperance
Was the first restrictive federal immigration law in the U.S., targeting Asian immigrants, particularly Chinese women, by prohibiting forced labor importation, criminal immigrants, and women for "immoral purposes," effectively barring Chinese women from entering the country under the guise of anti-prostitution measures, paving the way for future anti-Asian exclusion laws like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
Page Act of 1875
An attempt to push back British settlers after the French defeat, leading to the Proclamation of 1763 restricting colonial settlement.
Pontiacs Rebellion
Used to negotiate peacefully while threatening military force to achieve goals, especially in Latin America, reflecting the U.S.'s growing global power by using military strength
Big Stick / The Stick