Unit 1-2
Triangular Trade
A three way trade where Africa sent African Americans to America to be enslaved, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
Bill of Rights
a statement of fundamental rights and privileges; the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Contained a list of individual rights and liberties; freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Compromise of 1850
five laws to resolve disputes over slavery; including the admission of California as a free state, territorial governments in Utah and New Mexico, and the Fugitive Slave Act.
Laissez Faire
Little government intervention in economic affairs aiming for efficiency and greater wealth
9/11 Attacks
Led to changes in the U.S. political policies as well as national security after a terrorist attack on the twin towers
Great Migration
15,000 Puritans migrated to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and hard economic times
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a revolt by farmers in against a federal tax on whiskey, which was suppressed by President George Washington's militia, showing the federal government's power to enforce its laws
Fugitive Slave Law
part of the Compromise of 1850 requiring all citizens, including those in free states, to capture and return of runaway slaves to the plantation owners
American Federation of Labor
focused on achieving better workforce for laborers; higher wages, shorter workweeks, and improved working conditions
George W. Bush
presidency during the 9/11 attacks which led to a focus on national security. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq also happened during his presidency.
Boston Tea Party
Citizens of Boston disguised as Indians and raided three British ships in Boston harbor dumping hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor, as a protest against British taxes on tea and against the monopoly granted the East India Company.
Washington's Farewell Address
Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe highly influencing England's view on the South's issue with slavery and promoted abolition which increased sectional conflict.
Socialist Party
Advocated for free access to basic healthcare and food as well as equal distribution of wealth, appealing to industrial workers who did not agree with capitalism
Progressive Era
reform movements aimed at federal political corruption, and social and economic imbalances
Town Meetings
New England colonies showed democracy through conducting meetings where settlers discussed and voted on issues including starting war on Britain
XYZ Affair
French agents demanded a bribe and loan from the U.S. diplomats and promised in return that French privateers would no longer attack American ships which later led to an undeclared war between U.S. and France
Popular Sovereignty
the political doctrine that government derives its power from the people, who hold ultimate sovereignty
Ida B. Wells
Exposed the continued lynchings in America despite civil rights efforts and increased public hangings of blacks without a trial. Wells also led NAACP protests.
New Deal
Roosevelt's programs to reform after the Great Depression by provide relief and recovery through food kitchens, job opportunities, and public art projects
Navigation Acts
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies which required them to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts enraged colonists because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. Also all goods to and from the colonies had to be transported on British ships.
Marbury v. Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall decided the Supreme Court could determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution and the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress (the Judiciary Act of 1789) and the power to declare laws unconstitutional
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas and Nebraska allowed residents to decide whether or not to permit slavery through popular sovereignty
Roosevelt's Square Deal
Cold War
USSR and United States issue with no direct military combat, however had competition over achievements such as the arms race and space race.