Period 1
Christopher Columbus first arrived in the Americas
What is 1492?
The first permanent English settlement, Jamestown, was founded (year)
1607
The war that began in 1754 and ended in 1763 significantly altered British Colonial policy.
What was the French and Indian War?
What year did the federal government finalize the Louisiana Purchase?
When is 1803?
The U.S. Mexican War started in _________ (year)
and this treaty ended it
What was the year 1846? what was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
This Amendment states,
All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens.
States cannot deny any person life, liberty, or property without due process.
States must provide equal protection of the laws.
What is the 14th Amendment?
The United States enters World War I. (year)
When was 1917?
This was a specific clause in the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court cited in declaring the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional. and what was the rationale behind that decision?
What was The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment was cited, but the Court ruled in the Civil Rights Cases (1883) that the 14th Amendment only restricted state actions, not the actions of private individuals or businesses, thus striking down the Act’s public accommodation protections?
Treaty signed in 1494 which divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
He founded Pennsylvania.
Who was William Penn?
What was the Stamp Act?
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
What compromise addressed slavery and territorial status, and in what year
What was the Compromise of 1850?
This Amendment states, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied… on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
What is the 15th Amendment?
In 1929, this event was catastrophic and had lasting effects on the American economy. It led to the Great Depression.
What was The Stock Market Crash of 1929?
This treaty officially ended U.S. involvement in World War I and explain why the U.S. Senate refused to ratify it.
What was the Treaty of Versailles (1919). The U.S. Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge and other "Reservationists" and "Irreconcilables," refused to ratify it mainly due to opposition to Article X of the League of Nations, which they feared would limit U.S. sovereignty and entangle the country in future wars.
The Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs
Who was Hernan Cortes?
William Penn founded Pennsylvania in ________ (year)
When was 1681
The United States Constitution was written in _____(year) and ratified in ________ (year)
When was 1787?
When was 1788?
The President who "made the deal" for the Louisiana Purchase, and in the year of _______
Who was Thomas Jefferson, 1803
The civil war began in this year.
When was 1861?
The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in ____ (year) in __________ (place)
What is 1869 at Promontory Point Utah?
This group of people tried to implement social programs and increase government spending to address social inequalities.
Who were Progressives?
During the Progressive Era, this Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of a law limiting women’s working hours. what reasoning did the Court use that would later be seen as paternalistic and limiting to women's rights?
What was Muller v. Oregon (1908)?
The Court upheld a law limiting women to a 10-hour workday, reasoning that women were physically weaker and thus required protection. This decision was based on Brandeis Brief evidence but later criticized for reinforcing gender stereotypes.
The year Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital was captured
1521
This act granted religious freedoms to all Christians.
What was the Maryland Act of Toleration in 1649?
The year the first battle takes place in the American Revolution
When was 1775?
This war began in 1812 and ended in 1815, this treaty concluded the war.
What was the War of 1812, Treaty of Ghent
What was the attack on Fort Sumter?
This law was passed in 1887 and was aimed at assimilating Native Americans.
What is the Dawes Act?
An African American artist movement in the 1920s that created art based on the lived experience of being African American in the United States.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
The name of the secret U.S. government report leaked in 1971 that exposed government deception during the Vietnam War, and which Supreme Court case upheld the press's right to publish it?
What was the Pentagon Papers were leaked by Daniel Ellsberg. The Supreme Court case was New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), which upheld the right of the press under the First Amendment, rejecting prior restraint.
Early European explorers were motivated by a desire to spread Christianity, enrich themselves and their monarch, and gain glory for discovering new lands.
What was "God, Gold, Glory"?
A 1676 conflict that highlighted tensions between frontier settlers and colonial elites in Virginia
What was the Bacon's Rebellion?
Where was Lexington and Concord?
This compromise was passed in 1820, and addressed slavery in new states
What was the Missouri Compromise?
These three constitutional amendments were passed during Reconstruction and in the years of?
14th Amendment (1868)
15th Amendment (1870)
This was a major labor strike that occurred in 1894 and was led by ___________ (name)
What was the Pullman Strike?
Who was Eugene v. Debs?
A wide-ranging government approach that addressed the Great Depression through a combination of government-funded infrastructure projects, social programs, and relief aid.
What was the New Deal?
A piece of federal legislation, passed in 1965, used a formula to target specific jurisdictions for federal oversight of voting practices, and what provision of it was overturned in a 2013 Supreme Court case?
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 used Section 4(b) to identify areas with a history of discriminatory voting practices for federal oversight under Section 5. In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the Supreme Court struck down Section 4(b) as outdated, effectively ending preclearance.
A forced labor system developed by the Spanish that required American Indians.
What was the Encomienda System?
A religious movement that promoted emotional, evangelical Protestantism, often through "fire and brimstone" sermons and camp meetings
What was the First Great Awakening?
These are the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee different civil liberties
What is the Bill of Rights?
This act allowed for the Trail of Tears in the year _____
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
This amendment states, “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States…”
What was the 13th Amendment?
This term describes how many aspects of this life appeared beautiful but were flawed after closer inspection.
What was the Gilded Age?
This President signed this act in 1935
Who was President Franklin D. Roosevelt?
What was the Social Security Act?
This 1944 executive action by President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the internment of over 110,000 Japanese Americans during WWII, a policy later upheld in the Supreme Court case of Korematsu v. United States.
What is Executive Order 9066?