Period 1(1491-1607)
This agricultural crop, known as the "Three Sisters" along with beans and squash, supported large-scale permanent settlements like Cahokia.
What is Maize (Corn)?
This colony, founded in 1607, became the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What is Jamestown?
This 1763 decree by King George III prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
This document served as the first national constitution but was criticized for creating a central government that was too weak.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
As the first Secretary of the Treasury, he proposed a National Bank and a plan to assume state debts.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
This 16th-century Spanish system rewarded settlers with Native American labor and land, effectively creating a form of legalized slavery.
What is the Encomienda System?
This 1676 rebellion in Virginia, led by frontier settlers against Governor Berkeley, resulted in a shift from indentured servitude to African slavery.
What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
This 1765 act was the first direct tax on the colonists, sparking the cry "No taxation without representation."
Answer: What is the Stamp Act?
This 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers over debt and taxes highlighted the need for a stronger federal government.
What is Shays’ Rebellion?
In his 1796 Farewell Address, this president warned against "entangling alliances" and the rise of political parties.
Who is George Washington?
This term describes the global transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases between the New World and the Old World.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This religious group, led by John Winthrop, sought to create a "City upon a Hill" in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Who are the Puritans?
This radical patriot group, founded in Boston, used protests and sometimes violence to oppose British taxation.
Who are the Sons of Liberty?
This compromise at the Constitutional Convention created a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in one house and equal representation in the other.
What is the Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)?
This Enlightenment philosopher’s ideas on "natural rights" (life, liberty, and property) heavily influenced the Declaration of Independence.
Who is John Locke?
This Spanish priest became a famous critic of the Encomienda system and advocated for better treatment of Native American populations.
Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?
This set of English laws restricted colonial trade to English ships and ports to support the economic system of mercantilism.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine used Enlightenment logic to argue that it was "Common Sense" for the colonies to break away from Britain.
What is Common Sense?
This collection of 85 essays was written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to argue in favor of ratifying the Constitution.
What are the Federalist Papers?
This woman's letters to her husband John urged him to "Remember the Ladies" while drafting the new nation’s laws.
Who is Abigail Adams?
his 1680 uprising of indigenous people in present-day New Mexico successfully drove Spanish colonizers out of the region for twelve years.
What is the Pueblo Revolt (Popé's Rebellion)?
This mid-18th-century religious revival led to the "New Light" style of preaching and increased challenges to traditional church authority.
What is the Great Awakening?
This 1754 plan, proposed by Benjamin Franklin, was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies, though it was ultimately rejected.
What is the Albany Plan of Union?
These two 1798 laws, passed by John Adams, restricted speech against the government and made it harder for immigrants to become citizens.
What are the Alien and Sedition Acts?
This 1794 treaty with Britain was highly unpopular because it failed to address the impressment of American sailors, but it did maintain peace.
What is Jay’s Treaty?