Unit 5: Congressional Action during the American Civil War
Act:
A Settler 21 or older could acquire 160 acres;
Title would be granted after five years of continuous residence
Homestead Act (1862)
Laws passed in the South against the former slaves:
Limited opportunities;
No land ownership;
No intermarriage between blacks and whites;
No weapons
Black Codes
Hands-off Economics
Laissez-Faire
Purchased and controlled 4,500 miles of track;
Monopoly on the railroads
Vanderbilt
New Immigrants were often coming to the United States from
Act:
Public lands donated to the states;
Land was to provide colleges for students to train students in agriculture and mechanical arts (Texas A&M);
Land-Grant colleges promoted: Agriculture, Engineering, & Veterinary medicine
Merrill Land Grant Act
Group:
Prejudice against the Blacks
Used whippings, house burnings, kidnappings, and lynchings to strike fear in opposition
Tactics kept Blacks from voting
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Believed the nation would grow stronger and prosper by allowing the “fittest” to rise to the top (Survival of the fittest)
Social Darwinism
Photoed the crowded, unsafe, rat-infested tenement buildings where the urban poor lived
Jacob Riis
When labor union called for a strike, the plant closed and Frick hired 300 Pinkerton detectives to force them back to work
After violence, Pinkertons finally surrendered
State militia then called in to force steelworkers back to work
Gov’t favors big business over the workers
Homestead Strike
Ends slavery in all U.S.
13th Amendment
Many slaves stayed on old plantations as __________ because they could not afford to leave
Sharecroppers
Religious philosophy that churches had a moral responsibility in confronting social problems and helping the poor
By following Bible teachings about charity and justice people could make society “the kingdom of God”
Social Gospel
Political Boss of New York City; Controlled public projects and government jobs—he used his power to gain bribes and huge kickbacks. Between 1865-71, he collected over $200 million in graft.
William Marcy Tweed; "Boss" Tweed
What are 3 specific groups of people that migrated westward during Manifest Destiny?
Farmers, Miners, and Fanchers
Voting rights could no longer be denied based on race;
Laws were repeatedly violated in the South over the next one hundred years
15th Amendment
Compromise:
Dems would support Hayes (R) for President;
Federal troops withdrew from the South;
Support internal improvements in the South;
Compromise ended Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877
Buying out other companies that produce the same product
Horizontal Integration
Compressed air brake
George Westinghouse
Action that would reunite living with spirits of the dead, end white/westward expansion, and bring peace/prosperity/unity to Native Americans
Ghost Dance
Overturned the Dred Scott Decision;
Any person born in the US is a citizen;
Equal protection of the law (Equal treatment for all);
Johnson wanted Southerners to reject the law
14th Amendment
Two candidates in the 1876 Presidential election
Rutherford B. Hayes vs. Samuel J. Tilden
Company controls all aspects of production process from raw material to finished product
Vertical Integration
Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896; "Cross of Gold" Speech
William Jennings Bryan
Group:
Similar to Granger Movement;
Wanted tighter regulations on banks;
Government ownership of the RRs;
Graduated income tax that taxed higher incomes more (16th Amendment);
Expansion of the money supply