Colonies
(Ch 1-4)
(Ch 1-4)
Spanish government's policy to "commend", or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of a broad Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies and on the North American mainland.
What is Encomienda?
A pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution.
What is Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
Believed in a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the constitution.
Who are Federalists
A cash crop that was the biggest market in the South, so big that it was known as “King _____”
What is Cotton?
Informal network of volunteers that helped runaway slaves escape from the South and rech free-soil Canada. Seeking to halt the flow of runaway slaves to the North, southern planters and congressmen pushed for a stronger fugitive slave law
What is the Underground Railroad?
Pueblo Indian rebellion that drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico.
What is Pope’s Rebellion?
Religious revival that swept the colonies. Participating ministers, most notably Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, placed an emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality.
What is the First Great Awakening?
Supreme Court case that established the principle of “judicial review”, the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Popular term for pro-Jackson state banks that received the bulk of federal deposits when Andrew Jackson moved to dismantle the Bank of the United States in 1833
What are pet banks?
Admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in Washington, D.C., and introduced a more stringent fugitive slave law. Widely opposed in both the North and South, it did little to settle the escalating dispute over slavery
What is the Compromise of 1850?
Series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of adolescent girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to have been bewitched by certain older women of the town. Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the governor of Massachusetts.
What are the Salem witch trials?
Series of punitive measures passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for the lodging of soldiers in private homes.
What are the intolerable acts?
The profession that Jefferson represented and advocated for
Who are farmers?
Belief that the United States was destined by God to spread its “empire of liberty” across North America. Served as a justification for mid-nineteenth-century expansionism
What is Manifest Destiny?
Supreme Court decision that extended federal protection to slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory. Also declared that slaves, as property, were not citizens of the United States.
What is Dred Scott v Sanford
Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned. Tough their fate was irreversible, Calvinists, particularly those who believed they were destined for salvation, sought to lead sanctified lives in order to demonstrate to others that they were in fact members of the “elect”
What is Predestination?
Patriotic groups that played a central role in agitating against the Stamp Act and enforcing non importation agreements.
Who are the Sons/Daughters of liberty?
Fought between Britain and the United States largely over the issues of trade and impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America’s willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers.
What is the War of 1812?
Eli Whitney’s invention that sped up the process of harvesting cotton. The gin made cotton cultivation more profitable, revitalizing the southern economy and increasing the importance of slavery in the South
What is the cotton gin?
Five slave states- Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia- that did not secede during the Civil War. To keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protection the Union.
What are border states?
The rebellion that marked the end of the use of indentured servants as slaves and a shift to using Africans as slaves
What is Bacon’s Rebellion?
Political theory of representative government based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue. Influential in eighteenth-century American political thought, it stood as an alternative to monarchical rule
What is Republicanism?
Henry Clay’s three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funding transportation network.
What is the American System?
Ended the war with Mexico. Mexico agreed to cede territory reaching northwest from Texas to Oregon in exchange for $18.25 million in cash and assumed debts.
What is the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in Non rebelling Border States. The proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines.
What is the emancipation proclamation?