Material Goods
Which Colony produced the most highly ornamented furniture?
Philadelphia
When was the Staples Act passed and what did it do?
1663 - forbade the colonists from buying any products grown/manufactured in Africa, Europe, or Asia.
Who was campaigning against drinking and restrictive licensing?
The Puritans
Where was rum manufactured and why was it taken to Africa?
Rhode Island; rum was bartered for slaves
What was the cause for German furniture in Pennsylvania and folk themes in rural regions of the Carolinas?
The colonies’ increasing heterogeneity
When was the original Navigation Act passed and how did it benefit Britain?
1651 - restricted trade competition and attempted to make colonists dependent on manufactured products from England.
Rural taverns became an important place for….
Political legitimization - a way for candidates to meet constituents and constituents to meet candidates
What were the main articles of trade for the Middle Colonies with Europe?
Flour, cereals, and lumber
What is one important distinction between the Old and New World furniture making?
Colonial America never produced as ornate furniture as the British did for nobility and the wealthy
What are three products that could only be sold to British merchants?
Sugar, tobacco, cotton, indigo, race, molasses, navel stores (tar, pitch, and more), furs, and iron.
Why was Yale founded? (1701)
New England critics found Harvard too secular and liberal
What was the idea behind mercantilism?
No great nation could exist without colonies because they helped countries become self-sufficient and wealthy
What system allowed for a successful continuation of the making and selling of material goods?
The apprenticeship system
What are bounties and two products the English paid bounties for?
A sum of money used to encourage trade. The English paid bounties for tar, pitch, resin, turpentine, hemp, lumber, and indigo; this cost them a total of £120,000.
What did the material culture of the eighteenth century reinforce? (two things)
interpersonal relationships
Hierarchical differences among colonists
The enumeration of tobacco hurt which two Southern Colonies in particular?
Virginia and Maryland
What are at least two of the four causes for the proliferation of chairs in America after 1680?
Artisan immigration, strong colonial apprenticeship, a broadly expanding economy, a demand for commercially made products at many price levels
How did the Triangle Trade effect New England?
Rhode Island distilleries produced rum from molasses, rum was battered in Africa for slaves, slaves were exchanged for molasses, gold, and silver, gold, and silver were sent to Britain and molasses was turned into rum - allowing the cycle to continue.
What are the three things that drove the expansion of taverns, craft shops, and small-scale commercial agriculture?
Population growth, consumption, and the need for part-time employment
What was the balance of trade for the colonists?
The difference between what the colonists could pay through their sales of raw materials, and what they owed because of the purchase of manufactured goods - unfavorable for the colonists because they bought more than they sold