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Ch. 23.5
Ch. 24
Ch. 24
Ch. 25
Ch. 25
100
Chinese Exclusion Act
Congressional act passed in 1882 following President Hayes' departure from office which severely restricted Chinese immigration to United States in response to Irish violence.
100
John D. Rockefeller's company, which he started in Cleveland, OH in 1870, became national leader in oil production, controlling 95% of all refineries in the United States by 1877.
Standard Oil
100
Secret society formed to campaign for 8-hour workday after Panic of 1877.
Knights of Labor
100
Cramped living accommodations in high rise in city slums with poor lighting and ventilation.
Dumbbell Tenement
100
Source of news which offset sensationalism founded in 1840s as a news-collecting agency.
Associated Press
200
Congressional act which forbade financial assessments on jobholders and established merit system for civil service positions, administered by Civil Service Commission.
Pendleton Act
200
Cheap process of making steel, where cold air is blown on red-hot iron in order to ignite carbon and eliminate impurities discovered by William Kelly. Allowed United States to become world leader in steel production, responsible for producing 1/3 of world's steel.
Bessemer Process
200
Founded in 1881 by Booker T. Washington to educate blacks in industry and allow them to advance in society by learning a trade and achieving economic independence from whites.
Tuskegee Institute
200
Local influential people who helped immigrants by providing jobs on city payroll, providing food and clothes, establishing schools, parks, and hospitals, etc. in exchange for vote.
Political Bosses
200
Founded in 1881 by Booker T. Washington to educate blacks in industry and allow them to advance in society by learning a trade and achieving economic independence from whites.
Tuskegee Institute
300
James Garfield
Republican candidate for presidency in Election of 1880 who had been major general in Civil War. Shot by Charles J. Guiteau in the back, and he died 11 weeks later.
300
Law passed by Congress in 1887 to provide for: prohibition of rebates and pools, publishing of all fares fairly, a ban on pricing discrimination against shippers, and ban against charging more for short-haul trips than long-haul trips.
Interstate Commerce Act
300
Union formed in 1866 to fight for 8-hour day and arbitration of industrial disputes.
National Labor Union
300
Institution established by social reformers in the example of Jane Addams (Hull House) aimed to help immigrants assimilate into American culture. Became center of women's activists.
Settlement House
300
Act passed prior to Civil War after Southern secession which granted land to states for use in education to establish land-grant universities.
Morrill Act of 1862
400
Act passed in 1887 to curb railroads.
Interstate Commerce Act
400
Legislature passed by Congress in 1890 which forbade combinations in restraint of trade. Aimed towards big businesses, but proved ineffective due to ambiguity and loopholes. Worked against unions.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
400
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers to include federation of independently-run unions of skilled workers. Provided central strategy and war chest to ride out strikes. Utilized walkouts and boycotts as weapons in strike, though still lost about half of all strikes.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
400
New religious organization founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879, preaching that true practice of Christianity would heal sickness. YMCA/YWCA New organizations which allowed for integration of physical and religious activities, appearing in every major American city as it grew in popularity.
Church of Christ, Scientist
400
Formed by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Carrie Chapman Catt to advocate for women's suffrage. New strategy was to tie in need for vote with traditional mother's image –the need to govern public health and education.
National American Women Suffrage Association -
500
Democrat candidate for Election of 1884; won election against James G. Blaine. Ran in Election of 1888. Known for passing Dawes Act and Interstate Commerce Act.
Grover Cleveland -
500
Who formed the American Tobacco Company
James Buchanan Duke
500
Founded and operated American Federation of Labor in 1886, a national federation of independently-run unions of skilled workers.
Samuel Gompers
500
Movement launched in New York in 1874 to bring public lectures and access to education to adults while children went through public school system.
Chautauqua Movement
500
Extended Morrill Act of 1862 to include provision to establish agricultural research center at land -grant universities established under Morrill Act.
Hatch Act of 1887