People
The Italian explorer and navigator made that way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas
Who is Christopher Columbus?
A powerful Mezoamerican civilization existing from the 14th-16th centuries, known for its impressive architectural achievements, complex social structure, and rich cultural practices.
Who are the Aztecs?
A brutal system where enslaved people are legally rendered the personal property of their owner, capable of being bought, sold, traded, or inherited for life.
What is Chattel Slavery?
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human population, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia).
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders, thus sharing profits and risks.
What is a joint-stock company?
A Spanish conquistador, military commander, explorer, captain general, and writer who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire
Who is Hernan Cortes?
Also known as the Haudenosaunee, a sophisticated political alliance formed in the 15th century, consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and later Tuscarora.
What is the Iroquois Confederation?
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years in exchange for good or service (e.g. travel), purported eventual compensation, or debt repayment.
What is indentured servitude?
Spanish explorers and soldiers who led military expeditions into the Americas during the 16th century, primarly to conquer indigenous populations and claim territories for Spain.
Who are Conquistadors?
The first attempted English colony in North America, established by Sir Walter Raleigh (and led by John White) in 1585 on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina. Often referred to as the "Lost Colony" due to its mysterious disappearance.
What is Roanoke?
A Spanish lawyer, clergyman, writer, and activist best known for being an outspoken critic of the Spanish colonial government in the Americas, especially forced Indigenous labor.
Who is Bartolome de Las casas?
Native American communities primarily located in the Southwestern United States, known for their unique adobe dwellings and cultural heritage.
Who are the Pueblo?
A Spanish labor system that granted colonists the right to demand tribute and forced labor from Indigenous peoples in the Americas.
What is the Encomienda System?
The political, economic, or cultural dominance of one group, nation, or social class over others, often maintained through influence and consent rather than direct force
What is Hegemony?
Communities formed by enslaved Africans who escaped from plantations and sought refuge in remote areas, often in British colonies in America.
What are maroons?
A French explorer, navigator, cartographer, soldier, geographer, diplomat, and chronicler who founded Quebec City and established New France as a permanent French colony in North America
Who is Samuel de Champlain?
A powerful and sophisticated civilization that arose in the Andean reigon of South America, present day Peru. Known for their agricultural techniques, impressive architecture, and intensive road networks that facilitated communication over their vast empire.
Who are the Incas?
Feudalism refers to the dominant economic and political system in medieval Europe, characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligations with a monarch, nobles, and serfs.
What is Feudalism?
a navigational instrument used to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon, allowing sailors to determine their latitude and longitude at sea.
What is a sextant?
Religious and cultural establishments created by Spanish colonizers in the Americas during the 16th to 19th centuries aimed at converting Indigenous peoples to Christianity and integrating them into colonial society.
English explorer in the early 17th century, known for his voyages to North America, increasing understanding of its geography.
A Native American group orginally inhabiting the northeastern reigon of North America, particularly along the Ottawa River. Notable for its distinct language, culture, and social structure.
Who are the Algonquin?
20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race-based "caste system," with those of pure Spanish descent at the top of the hierarchy.
What is the Casta System?
A religious and spiritual practice that originated in West Africa and developed in the Americas, particularly in Haiti during the transatlantic slave trade, blending African traditions with elements of Catholicism and indigenous beliefs.
What is Vodun?
An agreement made in 1494 between Spain and Portugal, which divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two lands with an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean. Everything west (New World) was Spain's, everything East was Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?