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Pre-Colombian America
Colombian Exchange and Beyond
Early English Colonization
English-Native Relations
Pre-Revolutionary Slavery
100
This confederacy of Five Nations (The Mohawk, The Oneida, The Onondaga, The Seneca, and The Cayuga) dominated most of upstate New York and Canada.
Who are the Iroquois
100

Although initially a slave owner in Spanish America, this priest eventually spoke out on behalf of the interests of Natives, often criticizing their mistreatment

Who is De Las Casas

100
This outpost, established in 1607, became the first permanent English colony as it grew into what is now known as Virginia.
What is Jamestown
100

Born as Metacom, this Wampanoag leader organized a confederacy of Native American tribes against the English settlers of Massachusetts in 1676

Who is "King Philip"

100

This system allowed Conquistadores to enlist Natives as slave labor in Spanish held territory

What is Encomienda?

200
Located throughout Mexico, this empire's capital city of Tenochtitlan boasted nearly 350,000 residents prior to the arrival of Hernando Cortez in 1516.
Who are the Aztecs
200
More than any other factor of the Colombian Exchange, this impacted American Indian people the most, decimating their population to only a few hundred thousand in the present day.
What is disease
200
This was the first "boom crop" of the New World for English colonists in the W. Indies; its success led to the passage of the Navigation Acts
What is sugar
200

This Chesapeake native chief was the first Native political leader to make contact with the English colonists at Jamestown

Who is Powhatan

200
The introduction of this advanced weapon by Europeans allowed coastal African tribes to gain a military advantage over their neighbors which helped add numbers to the booming slave trade in the 1600s-1700s.
What are firearms/guns
300

Most historians believe that this was the initial place where Native Americans made their way to the western hemisphere

What is the Bering Sea (Bering Land Bridge)

300
Of all the European nations who encountered American Indians, this one enjoyed probably the most cordial relationship through mutual understanding and gift-giving.
What is France
300
This region of British North America became the target destination for thousands of indentured servants during the 1600s.
What is the Chesapeake
300

This planting method allowed Natives to grow corn, beans, and squash together

What is Three Sisters

300
A key event in Virginia that set into motion the idea that black Africans were to be "permanent slaves" in order to drive a wedge between them and the poor white population.
What is Bacon's Rebellion
400

This native community relied on the plains buffalo for their existence. They were significantly helped by the introduction of the horse to their culture

Who are the Sioux

400

The import of this New World genetically modified vegetable to Europe in the 1500s sharply increased their population. 

What is maize (corn)

400
This system of granting 50-100 acres of land to one who paid for the import of an indentured servant to Virginia during the 1600s added to the wealth/economic power of the plantation owners but left little to those servants who eventually became free.
What is the "headright system"
400

The temporary alliance with this Wampanoag leader in Massachusetts allowed the Pilgrims to survive their first winter in Plymouth 

Who is Squanto 

400

The Spanish instituted this system to import slaves from Africa.

What is Asiento

500
Known as the "people of the first light", this Algonquin tribe occupied the coastline of what would be come known as Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to the arrival of the English in 1620.
Who are the Wampanoags
500

A revolt against the conditions of the encomienda system and the forced conversion of Natives took place in 1680.

What is the Pueblo (Pope's) Revolt

500
Puritan leader who's "City on a Hill" sermon in 1630 set the stage for mass colonization of Massachusetts Bay as well as the notion of Puritans (and later Americans) being an "exceptional" people.
Who is John Winthrop
500

This person was a daughter of the Native Chief in the Chesapeake and married John Rolfe, helping the English to learn to grow tobacco

Who is Pocahontas

500
South Carolina's original settlers came from this Caribbean sugar colony and meant to recreate the same type of plantation lifestyle as well as install their version slavery on N. American soil.
What is Barbados