Pre-Colombian America
The number of cultural regions of Native Americans in North America
What is ten
This outpost, established in 1587, would have been the first permanent English colony in the New World had it not been for the attack of the Spanish Armada in England
What was Roanoke Island or "The Lost Colony?"
New Spain colonists who were of mixed blood, with one Spanish parent, and one indigenous parent
Who were mestizos?
More than any other factor of the Colombian Exchange, this impacted American Indian people the most, decimating their population to only a few hundred thousand in the present day.
What is smallpox?
This was the first "boom crop" of the New World for English colonists in the W. Indies; its success led to the establishment of British Jamaica and the Bahamas, but also meant backbreaking labor for slaves
What is sugar
This Aztec emperor was defeated by Cortez in 1521
Who was Montezuma?
The cultural region of Native Americans in North America that were mostly nomadic, lived in tepees and hunted the buffalo
What was the Plains cultural region?
Of all the European nations who encountered American Indians, this one enjoyed probably the most cordial relationship through mutual understanding and gift-giving. (particularly because they were interested in the natives providing them with furs)
What is France?
This privateer was one of the English privateers or "sea dogs" that inflicted major damage on Spanish ships, leading to the Spanish Armada attack on England in retribution
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
One of the three big empires of Native Americans from the Yucatan peninsula who had largely abandoned their cities by the time the Spanish arrived in the New World
Who were the Maya
A key event in New Spain that led to an increased focus on African slavery was the ending of this system of enslaving Native Americans
What was the encomienda system?
The name of the floating city of the Aztec that is today Mexico City
What was Tenochtitlan?
The import of this New World vegetable to Africa in the 1500s sharply increased their indigenous population but at the same time made them prime candidates for slavery soon after.
What is maize (corn)
This monarch was determined to supplant the Spanish in New World hegemony and was driven to support the establishment of an English colony in the New World
Who was Queen Elizabeth I?
This cultural region was characterized by longhouses and were the first to encounter the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto
What was the Southeastern region
Since the start of the slave trade until the abolition of slavery, roughly how many Africans were forced into slavery in the Americas?
What was 12 million?
Known as the "people of the first light", this Taino people were the very first to encounter Columbus and the Spanish in 1492
Who were the Arawaks?
Formally established in 1610 by the Spanish as a northern province of New Mexico, it today remains the oldest capital city in what is now the United States, and the second oldest in North America (and was the site of Pope's Rebellion in 1680)
What is Santa Fe
This explorer was a Genoan who sailed for England in 1497 and claimed Newfoundland for the English, leading to England's claim on North America later
Who was John Cabot?
These peoples' villages, established by the ancient Anasazi, were either carved into cliffs, or made up of adobe, the Spanish gave them this name because their abandoned villages resembled towns
Who were the Pueblo?
Most Africans who ended up in slavery originated in this part of Africa
What is the interior of Sub-Saharan Africa?