This confederacy of Five Nations (The Mohawk, The Oneida, The Onondaga, The Seneca, and The Cayuga) dominated most of upstate New York and Canada.
Who are the Iroquois
100
Although born in Genoa, Italy Columbus sailed for this nation-state in 1492 on his fateful voyage west across the Atlantic.
What is Spain
100
This outpost, established in 1607, became the first permanent English colony as it grew into what is now known as Virginia.
What is Jamestown
100
Born Metacomet, this Wampanoag leader organized a confederacy of Native American tribes against the English settlers of Massachusetts
Who is "King Philip"
100
This leg of the South Atlantic System brought captured Africans to the Caribbean and eventually N. America.
What is the "Middle Passage"
200
Located throughout Mexico, this empire's capital city of Tenochtitlan boasted nearly 350,000 residents prior to the arrival of Hernando Cortez in 1516.
Who are the Aztecs
200
More than any other factor of the Colombian Exchange, this impacted American Indian people the most, decimating their population to only a few hundred thousand in the present day.
What is disease
200
This was the first "boom crop" of the New World for English colonists in the W. Indies; its success led to the passage of the Navigation Acts
What is sugar
200
This Algonquin chief was the first Native political leader to make contact with the English colonists at Jamestown
Who is Powhatan
200
The introduction of this advanced weapon by Europeans allowed coastal African tribes to gain a military advantage over their neighbors which helped add numbers to the booming slave trade in the 1600s-1700s.
What are firearms/guns
300
Most American-Indian groups followed this type of lineage which placed women at the top of the social-political pyramid as keepers of the villages and advisers to chiefs.
What is matralineal
300
Of all the European nations who encountered American Indians, this one enjoyed probably the most cordial relationship through mutual understanding and gift-giving.
What is France
300
This region of British North America became the target destination for thousands of indentured servants during the 1600s.
What is the Chesapeake
300
This Shawnee leader promoted resistance between the Native Americans and the colonists
Who is Tecumseh
300
A key event in Virginia that set into motion the idea that black Africans were to be "permanent slaves" in order to drive a wedge between them and the poor white population.
What is Bacon's Rebellion
400
This practice of having smaller, weaker nations pay goods/gold to stronger nations for protection or due to being conquered was practiced by many tribes including the Aztec, Inca, and Algonquins (and later the Spanish).
What is the tribute system
400
The import of this New World vegetable to Africa in the 1500s sharply increased their indigenous population but at the same time made them prime candidates for slavery soon after.
What is maize (corn)
400
This system of granting 50-100 acres of land to one who paid for the import of an indentured servant to Virginia during the 1600s added to the wealth/economic power of the plantation owners but left little to those servants who eventually became free.
What is the "headright system"
400
The alliance of the Iroquois, first with the colony of New York, and then with the British empire and its other colonies became the model for relations between the British Empire and other Native American people.
What is the "covenant chain"
400
By the early 1700s, most slaves were classified as this term, literally meaning "personal, movable property".
What is "chattel"
500
Known as the "people of the first light", this Algonquin tribe occupied the coastline of what would be come known as Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to the arrival of the English in 1620.
Who are the Wampanoags
500
Formally established in 1610 by the Spanish as a northern province of New Mexico, it today remains the oldest capital city in what is now the United States
What is Santa Fe
500
Puritan leader who's "City on a Hill" sermon in 1630 set the stage for mass colonization of Massachusetts Bay as well as the notion of Puritans (and later Americans) being an "exceptional" people.
Who is John Winthrop
500
These villages, established by Massachusetts resident John Eliot, were for Native Americans who had converted to Christianity and renounced their "savage" customs for protection from Puritan attacks on their land/culture.
What are "praying towns"
500
South Carolina's original settlers came from this Caribbean sugar colony and meant to recreate the same type of plantation lifestyle as well as install their version slavery on N. American soil.