#1
The radical Boston political organizer famously known as the "Father of the American Revolution" who founded the Sons of Liberty, established the Committees of Correspondence, and masterminded the Boston Tea Party
Who was Samuel Adams?
The British monarch during the American Revolution who fiercely rejected colonial petitions, declared the colonies to be in open rebellion, and vowed to use absolute military force to protect the authority of the British Empire.
Who was King George III
The visionary British leader whose massive funding and brilliant strategy won the French and Indian War for Great Britain, and who later became a hero to American colonists for fiercely opposing the Stamp Act in Parliament.
Who was William Pitt?
The diplomat and key Federalist leader who co-authored The Federalist Papers with Hamilton and Madison, served as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and negotiated the highly controversial "Jay Treaty" with Great Britain to prevent a second war.
Who was John Jay?
The radical Boston political organizer famously known as the "Father of the American Revolution" who founded the Sons of Liberty, established the Committees of Correspondence, and masterminded the Boston Tea Party
Who was Samuel Adams?
The brilliant but reckless British Chancellor of the Exchequer who exploited William Pitt's illness to pass the controversial 1767 Townshend Acts, inflaming the American colonies with new import taxes that directly accelerated the path to revolution.
Who was Charles Townshend?
The definitive absolute monarch famously known as the "Sun King" who ruled France for over 72 years, centralizing all state power under his divine right at the Palace of Versailles and expanding French borders through aggressive European wars.
Who was Louis XIV
The daring British general who secured Canada for Great Britain by leading a successful surprise assault on Quebec during the French and Indian War, tragically dying on the battlefield just as his troops achieved victory.
Who was James Wolfe?
The passionate revolutionary is famous for declaring "Give me liberty, or give me death!", who later became a leading Anti-Federalist because he feared the new U.S. Constitution would create a tyrannical central government that would crush individual freedom and states' rights.
Who was Patrick Henry?
Most well-known for his work, Common Sense, drove many Americans to support the revolution. His American Crisis essays inspired Washington's troops to keep fighting.
Who was Thomas Paine?
The prominent British statesman and philosopher who fiercely defended the American colonists in Parliament by opposing British taxation, but later became the "Father of Modern Conservatism" for condemning the radical violence of the French Revolution.
Who was Edmund Burke?
The final British Royal Governor of Virginia who fiercely opposed the rebellion and issued a controversial 1775 proclamation offering freedom to any enslaved person who escaped to fight for the British Army.
Who was Lord Dunmore?
The rigid British general whose 1755 expedition to capture Fort Duquesne ended in a catastrophic frontier ambush, resulting in his own death and forcing a young George Washington to lead the retreat.
Who was Edward Braddock?
An angry farmer who began and led Shays' Rebellion right after America won the war who believed that a central government would be bad for debtors and the lower class.
Who was Daniel Shay?
The prominent British general who won major victories in the South but was ultimately trapped and forced to surrender his entire army at the Battle of Yorktown, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.
Who was Lord Charles Cornwallis?
The idealistic young French aristocrat who volunteered to fight for the American cause, became Washington's trusted general, and successfully secured critical French military and financial aid to help win the war.
Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
The brilliant Scottish Enlightenment philosopher famously known as the "Father of Capitalism" whose 1776 book The Wealth of Nations critiqued mercantilism and argued that economies thrive best when guided by free markets, competition, and the "invisible hand."
Who was Adam Smith?
The charismatic Odawa war chief who formed a powerful multi-tribe alliance to launch a massive 1763 rebellion against British occupation, capturing numerous frontier forts and forcing Great Britain to halt colonial expansion west of the Appalachians.
Who was Chief Pontiac?
The rugged leader of the Green Mountain Boys who launched a daring surprise assault to capture Fort Ticonderoga early in the Revolutionary War, securing the critical cannons used to drive the British out of Boston.
Who was Ethan Allen?
The flamboyant French ambassador ("Citizen Genêt") who jeopardized American neutrality by illegally recruiting U.S. citizens to attack British ships, openly defying President Washington, and pushing the early American government to pass the Neutrality Act of 1794.
Who was Edmond Genet?
The prominent Loyalist Royal Governor of Massachusetts who opposed Parliamentary taxes but insisted on enforcing them, resulting in the sacking of his mansion during the Stamp Act riots and his role in provoking the Boston Tea Party.
Who was Thomas Hutchinson?
The French explorer and navigator famously known as the "Father of New France" who founded Quebec City in 1608 and established the highly lucrative fur-trading alliance with the Huron and Algonquian tribes.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
The controversial Continental general who took credit for the pivotal victory at Saratoga but was completely disgraced after a catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Camden, where he notoriously fled the battlefield ahead of his own retreating troops.
Who was Horatio Gates?
The flashy British general nicknamed "Gentleman Johnny" who designed the failed 1777 Saratoga Campaign, resulting in the surrender of his entire army and convincing France to officially ally with the United States.
Who was John Burgoyne?
The fiercely aggressive Revolutionary War general nicknamed "Mad Anthony" who was chosen by President Washington to rebuild the U.S. Army and crush the Northwestern Confederacy at the decisive Battle of Fallen Timbers, securing the Ohio territory for American settlement.
Who was Anthony Wayne?