Early Republic
This political party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, advocated for states' rights and strict interpretation of the Constitution during the early Republic.
The Democratic-Republican Party
This 1803 land acquisition from France nearly doubled the size of the United States and opened up vast new territories for westward expansion.
Louisiana Purchase
This 19th century reform movement, led by William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass, advocated for the immediate end of slavery in the United States.
The Abolitionist Movement
This battle, fought in January of 1815, was a decisive American victory over the British and made Andrew Jackson a national hero.
The Battle of New Orleans
This transportation innovation, completed in 1825, connected the Hudson River with Lake Erie and facilitated the movement of goods and people between the Atlantic coast and the Midwest.
Erie Canal
This landmark Supreme Court case, decided in 1803, established the principle of judicial review and affirmed the power of the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution.
Marbury v. Madison
This concept, popularized by journalist John O'Sullivan, expressed the belief that it was America's destiny to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy and capitalism.
Manifest Destiny
This 19th century movement, led by primarily women such as Carrie Nation attempted to reduce the consumption of alcohol within the United States.
The Temperance Movement
This British practice of seizing American sailors and forcing them into military service was one of the major causes of the War of 1812.
Impressment
This inventor revolutionized communication with his invention of the telegraph in the 1830's, which allowed for near-instantaneous long-distance communication.
Samuel Morse
This political conflict, occurring in the 1830's, centered around the idea of the rights of states in order to reject federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
The Nullification Crisis
This policy, implemented by President Andrew Jackson in the 1830's, forcibly removed Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to territory west of the Mississippi River.
The Indian Removal Act
This social reform movement was led by the likes of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
The Women's Rights Movement
This treaty, signed in 1814, ended the War of 1812 and restored pre-war boundaries between the United States and Britain.
Treaty of Ghent
This system of production, characterized by the use of interchangeable parts and mechanized manufacturing processes, transformed the American economy in the 19th century.
The Factory System
This legislation, passed by Congress in 1820, sought to maintain the balance of power between free and slaves states but admitting two states, one free and one slave while also prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel.
The Missouri Compromise
This expedition, led by two men that occurred from 1804 to 1806, explored the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and sought a water route to the Pacific Ocean.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
This reform movement, led by Horace Mann attempted to deal with the issue of young men getting into trouble due to a lack of things to keep them occupied.
Education Reform Movement
This U.S. city was the primary target of British forces during the War of 1812 and was burned down by British troops in August of 1814.
Washington D.C.
This economic concept, promoted by economist Adam Smith, asserts that individuals pursuing their own self-interest in a competitive market will inadvertently promote the social good.
Laissez-faire Capitalism
This controversial law, passed by Congress in 1807, authorized the president to use military force to enforce trade embargoes against foreign nations, particularly Britain and France.
The Embargo Act of 1807
This conflict, fought from 1835 to 1836, resulted in the independence of Texas from Mexico and eventually led to its annexation by the United States in 1845.
The Texas Revolution
This religious revival movement that swept across the United States in the early 19th century emphasized personal conversion and social reform
The Second Great Awakening
This American victory, led by William Henry Harrison, ended Tecumseh's alliance with the British and broke the Native American resistance in the Northwest Territory.
The Battle of Tippecanoe
This infrastructure project, authorized by Congress in 1806, aimed to improve transportation and communication by constructing a network of roads and canals throughout the United States.
The National Road (Cumberland Road)