Slavery
This man invented cotton gin in 1793, which led to the unexpected growth of slavery in the 19th century. He was also the first to use interchangeable parts in the manufacture of firearms.
Eli Whitney
This famous abolitionist escaped slavery and went on to write a famous autobiography, as well as give speeches, write articles, and support anti-slavery political groups.
Frederick Douglass
The fight with Great Britain over this territory led to the USA's northern border being set at the 49th parallel, instead of the 54'40 line as Americans wanted.
Oregon
Nativists who said "Americans must rule America" were anti-foreigners and anti-Catholic. They nominated former president Millard Fillmore as their candidate in 1856.
Know-Nothing Party
Though not a Unit 5 topic, this compromise served to protect slavery on the one hand but also showed that slavery was up for debate. Maine became a free state.
Missouri Compromise
Where was the first battle of the Civil War fought?
Fort Sumter--South attacked the Union fort, and it gave the North something to defend, rather than being the aggressors.
Due to a fracture in the Democratic Party, this Tennessee politician became Lincoln's Vice President in 1865. After Lincoln's assassination, he would pardon Confederate officers and return former slaveowners' land.
Andrew Johnson
This black preacher led a slave rebellion in Virginia in 1830 that killed more than 60 white people.
Nat Turner
Slaves escaped via this metaphorical route, Harriet Tubman being the most famous of its guides.
Underground Railroad (no it wasn't an actual railroad underground)
As if winning the Mexican-American War wasn't enough, this purchase for $10M gave the USA more land to build railroads in the South.
Gadsden Purchase 1853
What were the three branches of the Democratic Party in the 1860 presidential election, their candidates, and their stances?
1. Northern Democrats, Stephen Douglas, pro-popular sovereignty
2. Southern Democrats, John Breckenridge, pro-slavery in all territories, wanted to annex pro-slavery Cuba
3. Constitutional Union, John Bell, sought to preserve the union
What changes did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 lead to?
1. Nebraska Territory would be divided in Kansas and Nebraska, and popular sovereignty would decide the slavery question.
2. Bleeding Kansas
3. Cause of Civil War
What were the Southern strengths/weaknesses in the Civil War?
Strengths--Strong military leadership, good fighters
Weaknesses--inferior economy, less industrialized (therefore had supply problems), fewer men
Created to offer skills and resources to newly freed slaves, this organization had a mixed effect. While it helped in educating freedmen it also perpetuated the social hierarchy by aiding planters to sign freedmen to labor contracts.
Freedman's Bureau
In this case, Justice Roger Taney ruled that slaves were slaves no matter what territory they were in, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because Congress didn't have the power to ban slavery in territories, and that no blacks (free or enslaved) were citizens deserving of rights.
Dred Scott 1857
This pro-violence abolitionist killed 5 proslaveryites in Kansas and attempted to arm slaves by stealing firearms from Harper's Ferry in Virginia. He was caught and executed for the latter.
John Brown
With this treaty, the USA acquired Texas as a territory and in return for $15M, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854's strongest proponent was this popular sovereignty-loving Illinois politician. Its passage meant the Democrats would not win a presidential election after 1856 for 28 years.
Stephen Douglas
Name the parts of the Compromise of 1850
1. CA became free state, tipping Congressional balance to free states
2. Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C.
3. Western territories acquired from Mexico would solve slavery question via popular sovereignty
4. New, stricter fugitive slave law--Northerners were now in on catching escapees
5. Part of Texas would go to New Mexico, decreasing slave territory
What were the North's strengths/weaknesses in the Civil War?
Strengths--more men, more industrialization, controlled the sea with better Navy, immigration replenished armed forces
Weaknesses--poor leadership (before Grant)
Define the Reconstruction amendments--13th, 14th, and 15th
13th--banned slavery except as punishment for a crime
14th--birthright citizenship, established equal protection under the law, due process for all citizens
15th--gave voting rights to all men regardless of race
This proslavery ploy to get slavery in the Kansas constitution regardless of the popular sovereignty outcome was supported by President Buchanan, opposed by Stephen Douglas, and hurt the Democrats.
Lecompton Constitution
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this highly influential fictional story sought to humanize the slavery experience by revealing its horrors. The author never traveled to the South.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
This president is responsible for instigating the conflict that would lead to the Mexican-American War. Part of his four-point program was to acquire California and settle Oregon.
James K. Polk
This political party, a predecessor to the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of slavery into western land acquired from Mexico. Former president Martin Van Buren was their presidential candidate in 1848.
Free Soil Party 1848-1854
What were the parts of the Compromise of 1877?
Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president (after initial voting, neither he nor Tilden had enough electoral votes to win)
Federal soldiers are removed in Southern states, thereby ending Reconstruction
In the North, draftees could pay $300 to get out of their conscription obligation. Some in the north didn't believe in the Union's cause, which led to this conflict.
New York Draft Riots 1863
Passed by the "Radical Republicans", what did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
1. Created 5 military districts in the south in which federal soldiers would enforce laws
2. Created provisions by which Confederate states could be readmitted to the Union--had to ratify the 14th amendment, guarantee male suffrage in state constitutions
This resolution sought to ban antislavery petitions in Congress.
Gag Resolution 1836
While it had no effect in border states, this would strengthen the moral cause of the North in the Civil War and ruin any chance at a negotiated settlement to end the war. Now, there would surely be a winner and a loser.
Emancipation Proclamation 1863
1. Lincoln wins presidency with only 40% popularity
2. 11 southern states secede from the union
3. Civil War
Northern victory in this battle forestalled European intervention in the Civil War and led to the Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam
What were the positives/negatives of Reconstruction?
Positives--freedmen enjoyed civil rights, black men in political leadership, improved infrastructure and education in the south
Negatives--political corruption, KKK, Black Codes