Big Business & Industrialization
This business strategy eliminates competition by absorbing rival companies.
Horizontal Integration
This 1877 strike marked the first major nationwide labor conflict
Great Railroad Strike
These political organizations traded jobs and services for votes in cities.
Political Machines
This movement demanded free silver and government ownership of railroads.
Populism / Populist Party
This 1883 law required federal jobs to be awarded based on merit.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Andrew Carnegie used this strategy by controlling every step of steel production.
Vertical Integration
This 1886 event damaged the labor movement after violence erupted at a Chicago rally.
Haymarket Affair
This New York political machine was led by Boss Tweed.
Tammany Hall
This Democratic candidate gave the famous “Cross of Gold” speech.
William Jennings Bryan
Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic reform program was called this
Square Deal
This 1890 law aimed to limit monopolies but was initially weakly enforced.
Sherman Antitrust Act
This labor union focused on skilled workers and practical gains like higher wages.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems were known as this.
Muckrakers
Bryan argued Americans should not be “crucified” on this monetary system.
Gold Standard
After splitting from Republicans in 1912, Roosevelt formed this party
Bull Moose Party
This philosophy used Darwin’s ideas to justify minimal government interference in business.
Social Darwinism
This 1882 law restricted immigration from China and reflected rising nativism.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Jane Addams founded this settlement house in Chicago.
Hull House
This Republican defeated Bryan in 1896 and supported the gold standard.
William McKinley
This 1913 reform created a central banking system for the United States.
Federal Reserve Act
Name one way industrialization transformed the U.S. economy after the Civil War.
Possible Answers:
Railroads, trusts, national markets, mass production, corporate consolidation
During major strikes like Homestead and Pullman, who did federal troops typically support?
Business owners / management
Name two problems caused by rapid urbanization in the late 1800s.
Overcrowding, tenements, sanitation issues, corruption, disease
Why was the Election of 1896 a major political turning point?
Shift to Republican dominance and urban-industrial coalition
In the Election of 1912, what division allowed Woodrow Wilson to win?
Split in the Republican Party