APUSH Period 6 Review

Migration

100

Allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for 5 years, improving it and buying it for cheap in the future

Homestead Act

100

Law authorizing the construction of something that would make travel a lot easier

Pacific Railway Act 1862

200

African Americans fleeing violence and discrimination in post-Civil War south

exodusters

300

Describe why life was difficult for settlers in the west

Answers vary: expensive tech (tractors/barbed wire), bankruptcy, commercialization of agriculture or environmental reasons

400

Identify at least 3 major effects of westward expansion

1. Urbanization (boomtowns)

2. Ethnic communities (chinatown)

3. Competition for land (Natives/Mexicans/Americans)

4. Discovery of gold and violations of treaties with Native Americans

5. Policies aimed at assimilating Natives like Dawes Act

Answers still vary (boarding schools, etc etc)

Industrializ ation

100

What innovation helped produce things more efficiently, like automobiles?

Assembly line

100

Identify 1 technological innovation during this time that helped industralize the country (railroads and the previous answer for this column don't count)

Bessemer process, telegraph, electricity, air brake for RR's, refrigeration, telephone 

200

What was one response to the economic inequality during the Gilded Age?

Farmers Alliance pressured Congress to regulate businesses, calls for wealth redistribution/gov ownership of industries, Social Gospel movement, labor strikes/movements/unions, utopians, writers, womens reforms...

300

Identify and describe 2 natural resources that were important for all of this industrialization

Coal - steam power as a source of energy...

Oil - Petroleum created entire industries on its own. Refinement led to production of lubricants for machines, kerosene...

400

Identify 3 types of developments/innovations that helped businesses grow the economy

Corps with limited liability, Scientific management restructured businesses, marketing/advertising, vertical/horizontal integration, trusts come together to control the market, bessemer process... Might be some other answers but Heimler focuses on these

Labor

100

This law banned a specific group of people from immigrating into the United States during the late 1800s

Chinese Exlusion Act 1882

100

Identify 1 labor union that formed during this era

Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, Farmers Alliance...

200

Identify and Describe 1 strike (name it and describe why they protested)

Homestead Strike - Wage cuts

Haymarket Riot - protesting police violence (knights of labor organized)

Great Railroad Strike - Wage cuts

Pullman Strike - Wage cuts

300

What were the 2 nicknames of the megarich business owners like Andrew Carnegie and John Rockefeller

Captains of Industry.... Robber Barons

400

Describe the rise of the middle class and their lifestyle that happened during this era

New white collar (knowledge workers) class of jobs (management/clerical jobs created by industrialization)... Increased access to education (Morill Acts)... Consumer Culturs (more money to spend), dept stores (shopping is an experience), leisure time (shows, theme parks, circus, sports)...

Gov & Politics

100

The famous "separate but equal" case where the supreme court decided that segregation was legal if the facilities for each group were equal in quality

100

This economic policy meant the government kept their "hands off" of the economy and let it run naturally

Laissez-Faire

200

Identify at least 1 Black reformer that pushed back against racial oppression during the late 1800s

Ida B Wells, Booker T Washington, W.E.B Du Bois

300

Descibe what political machines did

Run by a boss (sometimes elected official), ensure votes from immigrants and lower class workers by providing welfare services (food, jobs, coal).. Boss protected illigal activities like gambling/prostitution in return for a % of profits

400

Describe the "New South" society. What was it like? Identify at least 3 things

Sharecropping, largely agricultural, Jim Crow laws, lynching of Black Americans.. Some more answers here but might come up again in later questions

Extras

100

How did farmers react to the commercialization of agriculture?

National Grange united farmers in a political movement to lobby for railroad regulation

100

Which groups of immigrants were coming into the United States in large numbers during the 1800s and early 1900s?

Irish and Germans, then Jews, Italians, Poles (Southern & Eastern Europeans)...

200

Since the government wasn't providing services for people, ________ helped immigrants through english classes, medical services, training, etc

Settlement Houses

300

What were at least 2 effects of the Dawes Act on Native Americans?

Ended Native American sovereignty, divided their lands into 160 acre plots, boarding schools, forced them to abandon their culture/religion. 

400

What was the Populist Party (describe their goals and identify their leader that ran for president in 1896)

William Jennings Bryan 

1. Adress economic suffering of farmers

2. Graduated income tax (higher taxes as income rises)

3. Direct election of senators (17th amendment)

4. Increased use of the referendum

5. Expanded coinage of silver

6. 8 hour workday, gov owns railroads, loans for farmers