Westward Expansion - Farmers and Trains
This railroad was finished in 1869 and spanned the entire United States going from New York to Sacramento, California.
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
This was the new policy towards Native Americans in the Grant administration that gave plots of land to tribes but were to be governed by the US as wards of the state. Strict rules regulated Natives on what they could and couldn’t do and they weren’t allowed to leave.
What is the Reservation System?
This is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of the crops they grew. It has been named historically as "slavery by another name."
What is sharecropping?
This was the richest man in modern world history. He owned the Standard Oil Company and had a net worth of $400 Billion in today's money.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This is a collection of workers who act as a collective group, rather than individuals, that demanded better pay and working conditions.
What is a labor union?
This law passed in 1862 gave 160 acres to anyone who settled out west and cultivated the land for 5 years.
What is the Homestead Act?
These were institutions that the US established to force Native American children to adopt western culture and ways of living.
What are American Indian Boarding Schools?
In this landmark Supreme Court decision, the Court upheld racial segregation and ruled that public accommodations could be separate if they were equal.
What is Plessy v Ferguson?
Why is the period from 1865-1898 in the American North called the Gilded Age?
It was coined by Mark Twain as a satirical term for the immense amount of wealth despite the poverty of the average worker. Gilded means covered in gold.
Other than the Bessemer Process, name one other key invention that helped fuel the rise of industry and urbanization in the North?
The Lightbulb, Oil, Telephone, Skyscrapers, and Refrigeration.
This law gave subsidies (money) to railroad companies to build railroads out west.
What is the Pacific Railroad Act?
The United States military massacred over 150 Lakota-Sioux natives in this event. This event led to the end of large-scale Native American resistance to their mistreatment.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
This man was the first Black man to graduate from Harvard with a Doctorate. He fiercely advocated for political equality of blacks and the end of segregation in the South. He also helped found the NAACP.
Who is WEB DuBois?
This is when one company is the only seller of a product or service.
What is a monopoly?
This process was a new way of making steel. It made steel much faster and cheaper.
What is the Bessemer Process?
This was a large issue for American farmers as settlers moved west.
What are mechanization replacing small farmers, overproduction of crops driving down prices, and railroads charging high prices to ship crops?
This law passed in 1887 took tribal lands and gave them to individual tribal members. It redefined Native American ideas about land ownership and led to the loss of Native lands as excess lands were sold to whites.
What is the Dawes Act?
This man was the first black man to be invited to the White House. He helped found the Tuskegee Institute and was a fierce advocate for the economic empowerment of African Americans in the South.
Who is Booker T Washington?
This is the process when one company buys out all the competitors that sell the same product or service. Ex) Standard Oil Company buys all the other companies that sell oil.
What is Horizontal Integration?
This was a national labor union established in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. It was more radical than their counterpart, the Knights of Labor, in that they actively supported the use of strikes.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
This was an organization of local farmers that pushed for laws to regulate the economy to help farmers.
What is the Grange Movement?
This is the name for the process of changing Native American customs and culture to reflect those of white people.
What is assimilation?
This law required states that used federal college money to provide an education for African Americans. It resulted in a massive growth of HBCUs in the South.
What is the Morrill Land-Grant Act?
This is when a company buys another business in the supply chain. Ex) Walmart buys the factory that produces their goods and owns the shipping company to get it to the store.
What is Vertical Integration?
This was a national strike and boycott of the Pullman Railroad company. It was broken up by federal troops and its leaders were thrown in jail. It also led to the creation of Labor Day in 1894.
What is the Pullman Strike?