UNIT 1
This dynasty replaced the Tang in 960 and ruled till 1279. Under this dynasty China was wealthy, politically stable, and had artistic achievements.
Song Dynasty
Large flourishing trading cities such as Kashgar and Samarkland, however, were not the only oases along the arid Silk Roads.
Caravanserai
Large multiethnic states in the Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories.
Gunpowder empires
Mapmaking
Cartography
One of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment.
Adam Smith
-Skilled craftworkers
-produced steel and other products
Artisans
Merchants stayed in western Indian port cities marrying there.
Diasporic Communities
____ the Terrible
Ivan IV
Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland into ______ empires
Maritime
An economic system in which the means of production such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and are operated for profit.
Capitalism
Focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline. It became strongest in Southeast Asia.
-Type of Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism
Gave ships more stability and increased maneuverability.
Stern Rudder
Safavid military hero who conquered most of Persia and pushed into Iraq.
Ismail
Christopher Columbus
The enlightenment's emphasis on reason led to some thinkers to reexamine the relationship of humans to god.
Deism
A syncretic system combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism.
Neo-Confucianism
Muslim admiral who had seven great voyages. These voyages won prestige for the Chinese government and opened up new markets for Chinese goods.
Zeng He
Peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble.
Serfs
Sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1488, into waters his crew did not know.
Bartholomew Diaz
Reform movements to provide rights and equality extended to freedom for enslaved people and the end of serfdom.
Abolitionism
Describe ONE example of Chinese culture tradition that withstood the spread of Buddhism during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.
A -One example of Chinese culture tradition that withstood the spread of Buddhism during the period c. 1200-c. 1450 is filial piety.
C- After the spread of Buddhism, Chinese families still respected their parents/subordinates. The Song dynasty maintained their rule due to filial piety. Since the people followed filial piety they respected the emperor.
E- Filial piety was encouraged by Confucianism and was still used after the spread of Buddhism.
Describe one example of commercial practices that affected Silk Road trade during the period c.1200-c. 1450.
A- One example of commercial practices that affected silk road trade is flying cash.
C- Flying cash is when merchant deposits paper money under his name in one location and can withdraw the same amount at another location.
E- This was one of the earliest models of the banking system. Flying cash solved the problem of having to carry around the copper coins that Chinese citizens used in everyday life.
Explain ONE way in which technological advances affected the expansion of the land-based empires.
A - One way that technological advances affected the expansion of land based empires was gunpowder weapons.
C- Gunpowder empires mainly relied on firearms to conquer new lands. Other empires did not have these firearms. This is what made them so powerful.
E- Most of the empires warrior leaders shared traits such as the use of artillery and cannons and taking advantage of power vacuums.
Explain one political motivation for developing navigation technology.
A- One political motivation for developing navigation technology is the ability to find new land to conquer.
C - When explorers discovered the "new world" they immediately claimed any land that they could find. The only thing holding explorers back was navigation technologies so they could map and navigate better.
E- Navigational equipment made sailing faster and safer. Some inventions included the compass and the lateen sail.
Explain one way in which Enlightenment thinkers in Britain and America differed in the period 1750 - 1900.
A - In Europe and America, Enlightenment thinkers reacted to the social ills caused by increasing urbanization and industrialization.
C- Both people in Europe and America wanted greater private charity or more government regulation.
E- Some people named conservatives blamed the poor for their own poorness.