Land-Based Empires
The name for the type of government used in Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu, which was led by a strong military leader despite keeping an emperor as a figurehead
Shogunate
Name one technology essential to the establishment of European maritime empires during this period?
Compass, astrolabe, lateen sails, astronomical charts, maps, new ships (carracks, caravels, fluyts), etc.
This European Empire was responsible for sparking the Age of Exploration in Europe
The Portuguese Empire
What was the religion of the majority of Europe throughout this time period?
Christianity
What was the most impactful thing to go from (1) the Americas to Afro-Eurasia and (2) from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas throughout the Columbian Exchange
1. New World Crops
2. Disease
The spread of this invention was essential in the land-based empires covered in Unit 3 coming to power
Gunpowder
This was the name of the economic system which theorized that a nation's power was tied directly to its wealth (especially in gold/silver) and was used by all of the emerging European maritime empires in this period
Mercantilism
What were the 3 main motivators for European empires to explore during this period?
God, Glory, and Gold (the 3 G's)
Which of the four major land-based empires we learned about in this period were NOT religiously tolerant
Safavids
What was the name of the brutal journey slaves were forced to take across the Atlantic after being sold into slavery along the African coast?
The Middle Passage
_____________ (1) Islam was the official state religion of the Ottoman Empire; while _____________ (2) Islam was the official state religion of the Safavid Empire
1. Sunni
2. Shia
This stage usually preceded the establishment of full-scale colonial empires for European powers during this period
Establishment of trading posts/trading post empires
Which Empire (other than the Portuguese) was an early entrant to exploration, reaching the Caribbean and later conducting conquests into Central & South America
Spain
What was the religion most commonly practiced in the Mughal Empire?
Hinduism
List one major change to the system of slavery introduced during this period?
- Massively increased size/scale
- Linked to plantation/agriculture
- Dominated by European demand
- Demand for males over females
- Now happening across the Atlantic
- Chattel Slavery
- Direct connection between slavery and race
_______________ (1) was the name of the system used by the Ottomans to take Christian European boys and put them in the service of the empire; often serving as soldiers in the Ottoman military known as _______________ (2)
1. Devshirme
2. Janissaries
What was the name of the largest and most important Portuguese colony? (essential in the initial Portuguese monopoly on sugar production)
Brazil
Which Portuguese noblemen was responsible for sponsoring many of the initial voyages for Portugal in the Age of Exploration?
Prince Henry the Navigator
What were the names of the two similar systems within the (1) Ottoman and (2) Manchu (Qing) Empires which allowed for religious tolerance in the empires?
1. Millet and 2. Banner
List one major continuity to the system of slavery during this period?
- Continued in the Mediterranean
- Prisoners of war still taken as slaves
- Domestic (not agricultural) enslaved labor still preferred in the Muslim world
- Enslaved females still preferred for traditional domestic roles
This (1) leader of the Mughal Empire was responsible for huge advances in religious tolerance; unfortunately, undone by this (2) later Mughal Emperor
1. Akbar the Great
2. Aurangzeb
These were the 2 systems created & employed by the Spanish to control labor in their colonies in the Americas
Encomienda & Hacienda
Name one of the two French explorers mentioned in our lesson on European exploration
Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain
What is the term for Catholic missionaries who would oftentimes accompany or follow shortly after expeditions during this time period in order to spread Christianity?
Jesuits
Sugar