Unit 1
What was the Civil Service Exam?
An exam in the Song Dynasty that tests the people on their intelligence for government positions instead of their previous way of picking rulers is called the Mandate of Heaven.
What was the Silk Road?
Network of roads and paths used for trading luxury items across China.
Who was Akbar?
Famous Mughal Emperor who saw equality within different religions. He abolished the Jizya Tax. He expanded the Empire without straining resources.
What was the Tokugawa Shogunate?
A period of peace in Japan. (Edo Period)
What was Enlightenment?
This is a movement in 18th-century Europe glorifying reason, nature, and progress.
Who were the Seljuk Turks?
Nomadic Turks from Asia conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. They governed strictly.
Which two empires expanded due to the Silk Road?
Mongol Empire and Mali in West Africa.
What was the Jizya Tax?
Tax placed on people with religions other than non-Muslim.
What was John Cabot's nationality?
He was Italian.
Who was John Locke?
English philosopher who wrote on the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
Where did Buddhism originate?
India and spread to China.
What were the Mongols very skilled at?
They were skilled horsemen and fierce warriors.
What was the Taj Mahal?
Mausoleum created in honor of Sha Jahan's dead wife.
What was Mercantilism?
The theory of a State's power is based on the amount of gold and silver the country has.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production.
Who was in charge of the decline of the Byzantine Empire?
The Ottoman Empire.
What did the Mongols split their Empire into?
Into Khanates.
What was the 95 theses?
What was the difference between the Hacienda and Encomienda System?
Hacienda was a form of large land estates during colonial times, typically producing agricultural products. (Indentured Labor)
Encomienda was a labor system that gave settlers the right to demand the Native's labor in exchange for protecting and teaching them. (Natives)
What did stockholders do?
Group of people that make up a corporation by sharing ownership in a certain company.
What was one economic development during the Song Dynasty?
A= One economic development was they made the paper better.
C= The improved paper helped businesses, so it was no longer an amenity for sale, but now they used money.
E= This caused more trade and boosted China's economy. They also can keep track of sold and bought products.
What were two key factors that led to the Mongols claiming land from Poland to the far east coast of China?
A= Two key factors were the increased use of horseback and productive peace throughout the conquered villages.
C= The bow and arrows led to to using fewer men with more effectiveness.
E= The men would drop out of school to train at an early age while other clans started to train later on in life. Throughout the conquered villages the Mongols used the local talents for their well-being like conquered carpenters or swordsmiths.
Describe the different ruling styles of Akbar and Aurangzeb.
A= The ruling styles of Akbar and Aurangzeb were very different in their intensities.
C= Akbar cared about the arts while Aurangzeb did not. He made many questionable approaches to his military. Akbar was one of the best Mughal rulers and Aurangzeb was very controversial.
E= Akbar was tolerant of people with other religions and Aurangzeb taxed people with other religions if they weren't Islamic.
What were indulgences and why was Martin Luther angry about them?
A= Indulgences were when religious positions would see God's forgiveness of one's sins.
C=Luther becomes angry because it goes against the Bible and the old ways of the Catholic Church.
E=The Bible said to focus on the belief in God, not indulgences. People couldn't read Latin which is what the Bible was written in, so people didn't know any better. Poor people spent much of their money on indulgences as well.
What is the difference between skilled and unskilled labor and how would this affect someone's decision to support capitalism?
A= The difference between the two is unskilled labor requires no training or special skills and skilled has training or went to school/classes for that specific labor.
C=This would influence someone's decision to support capitalism or communism because if you're more skilled you like capitalism. After all, you can control more of your business.
E=Unskilled laborers would prefer communism because all wealth is spread out, so you can work less and be paid the same as a CEO, for example.