Unit 1
The 5 things you must complete to be Islamic.
The Five Pillars of Islam are fundamental acts of worship and obedience for Muslims, serving as the foundation of their faith.
Shahada (Declaration of Faith): Muslims witness that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger. This signifies the core belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad.
Salah (Prayer): Muslims perform five daily prayers facing the Kaaba in Mecca. These ritual prayers strengthen the connection between the worshiper and Allah, fostering spiritual discipline and mindfulness.
Zakat (Charity): Muslims are obligated to give a portion of their wealth (usually 2.5% of savings) to help the less fortunate. Zakat promotes social justice and economic equity within the Muslim community.
Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan): Muslims fast from dawn to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan, abstaining from food, drink, and sinful behavior. This practice promotes self-discipline, empathy for the less fortunate, and spiritual reflection.
Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca): Muslims who are physically and financially able are required to undertake the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. The Hajj rituals commemorate the actions of Prophet Ibrahim and symbolize unity and equality among Muslims worldwide.
The Five Pillars collectively guide Muslims in their daily lives, fostering a strong sense of community, spiritual devotion, and social responsibility.
a network of trade routes connecting the East and West, and was central to cultural interaction between them for centuries.
The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes connecting East and West, significantly impacted cultural, economic, and technological exchange. The route, spanning from China to the Mediterranean, facilitated the flow of goods, ideas, and innovations, fostering cultural diffusion. Economically, it stimulated trade in silk, spices, and other valuable commodities, promoting economic growth in various civilizations. Additionally, the Silk Road played a crucial role in the exchange of knowledge, including advancements in science, medicine, and technology. Overall, the Silk Road's multifaceted influence underscores its historical significance in promoting global interconnectedness.
refers to a sizable, multiethnic state in central, south, and southwest Asia. comprised the Mughal, Safavid, Ottoman, and Russian empires. were artistic as well as military (conquering), as evidenced by the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. The magnificent and architectural legacies on the left were partly built to uphold the authority of their rulers.
The Gunpowder Empires, comprising the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire, rose to prominence between the 15th and 17th centuries. In terms of Achievements, these empires excelled in military conquests, architectural marvels, and cultural advancements. Gunpowder technology played a pivotal role in their military dominance, enabling the creation of powerful armies and expansive territorial control. The Challenges they faced included internal strife, succession issues, and external threats. Despite their military prowess, internal conflicts often strained their stability. Finally, the Gunpowder Empires experienced Exchanges that facilitated cultural, scientific, and economic interactions. The Silk Road and maritime trade routes connected these empires to the broader world, fostering the exchange of ideas, goods, and technologies.
a triangle sail positioned on a long yard and attached to the mast at an angle. Due to its advantages in maneuverability and ability to sail against wind, it was mainly used in the Mediterranean Sea during medieval times and has since been adopted worldwide.
The lateen sail is a triangular sail that is set at an angle to the mast, forming a distinctive shape resembling a right-angled triangle. This design is characterized by its versatility and efficiency in harnessing wind power. Originating in the Mediterranean region, the lateen sail enabled sailors to effectively navigate both upwind and downwind. Its triangular shape allows for better maneuverability and adaptability to varying wind conditions, making it a key innovation in maritime history.
He is known for his theories on knowledge, government, and human nature. Known as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and is commonly known as the "father of liberalism".
John Locke was a prominent 17th-century philosopher whose ideas significantly influenced political thought. According to Locke's seminal work, "Two Treatises of Government" (1690), he argued for the concept of natural rights, asserting that individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke's political philosophy emphasized the social contract, asserting that governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed. He believed that if a government failed to protect citizens' natural rights, individuals had the right to rebel. Locke's ideas laid the foundation for liberal democracy and individual rights, influencing later thinkers and contributing to the development of modern political theory.
Helped the Civil Service Exam become accessible to the people of the poorer class. Also made books cheaper. First form of printing
What is the Wood Block Printing Press
Eurasian empire of the 13th and 14th centuries, founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. It became the largest contiguous land empire in history,
What is the Mongal Empire
A list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517 that was known for criticizing indulgences and other practices
What is 95 These
A small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.
What is Caravel
intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th to 19th century.
What is The Enlightenment
This exam was introduced in the Han Dynasty so that everyone had an equal shot at power and they could get the most qualified person.
What is the Civil Service Exam
These were the trading routes that linked North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East with the Mediterranean region across the Sahara Desert. People, ideas, and goods traveled these paths.
What is the Trans Saharan Trade Routes
German theologian and a monk in the 16th century who initiated the Protestant Reformation.
What is Martin Luther
A Dutch type of sailing vessel originally designed as a dedicated cargo vessel in the late sixteenth century.
What is a Fluyt
who is best known for his book "Leviathan," where he discusses social contract theory and argues that absolute monarchy is the best form of government.
Who is John Locke
The belief that you were born with power and importance.
What is the Mandate of Heaven
a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey. They were commonly found along the Silk Road
What is a Caravansari
The continuation of the Roman Empire in eastern provinces.
What is Byzantine Empire
His expeditions, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, were the first European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.
Who is Christipher Columbus
French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher who advocated for freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state.
Who is Voltaire
A system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement; based on how well they do in the Civil Service Exam in Song
What is Meritocracy
institutions that handle currency transactions. This includes lending money, making investments, transferring funds among banks, individuals or businesses
What is a Banking House
The capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire it was positioned between Europe and Asia
What is Constantinople
A Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire
Who is Hernan Cortez
historical movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and set slaves free.
What is Abolitionism